GIGA Cyclotron Research Center, Universite de Liege.
Can J Exp Psychol. 2023 Jun;77(2):130-144. doi: 10.1037/cep0000293. Epub 2022 Oct 6.
Healthy ageing is characterized by changes in several cognitive functions, including episodic memory and inhibition. While the age-related decrease in the ability to inhibit irrelevant stimuli is often associated with lower performance, especially in episodic memory, some studies have highlighted the boosting effect of distraction in several tasks in older adults, including episodic memory tasks related to recollection. The aim of this article is to review and compare previous studies according to specific study features and to consider the results in light of the dual-process model of recollection and familiarity that were used by the authors of the reviewed articles. This work led to the identification of two major points of comparison between the studies: the timeline of the distraction intervention and the implicit nature of the processes at play, which both allowed for different implications to the relationship with recollection. The use of distraction in memory tasks can enhance episodic memory, and especially recollective processes, due to specific actions at encoding and retrieval. These findings open the door to further investigations but also raise several questions concerning the role of implicit processes and the negative impact of distraction, for example. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
健康老龄化的特征是几种认知功能的变化，包括情景记忆和抑制。虽然与年龄相关的抑制无关刺激的能力下降通常与表现降低有关，尤其是在情景记忆中，但一些研究强调了分心在老年人的几项任务中的促进作用，包括与回忆有关的情景记忆任务。本文的目的是根据特定的研究特征对以往的研究进行回顾和比较，并根据作者使用的情景记忆和熟悉度的双过程模型来考虑结果。这项工作确定了研究之间的两个主要比较点：分心干预的时间线和所涉及的过程的内隐性质，这两者都对与回忆的关系产生了不同的影响。在记忆任务中使用分心可以增强情景记忆，特别是回忆过程，这是由于在编码和检索时采取了特定的行动。这些发现为进一步的研究开辟了道路，但也提出了一些关于内隐过程的作用和分心的负面影响等问题。
