Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, China.
Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Institute of Urban Big Data, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Dec 15;324:116379. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116379. Epub 2022 Oct 3.
Ground-level ozone (O) has negative effects on agricultural crops. Maize is an important grain crop in China. The North China Plain (NCP) serves as the major crops' production area of China and experiences severe ozone pollution. Using the ground-level ozone simulated by an atmospheric chemistry transport model (WRF-Chem), we quantified the yield reduction and economic losses of maize during 2015-2018 over NCP based on exposure-response AOT40 (accumulation of hourly O concentration exceed 40 ppb) and flux-response POD (phytotoxic dose of ozone over 6 nmol m s). Results showed that the ozone concentration, AOT40, and POD clearly increased from 2015 to 2018 in growing season of maize over NCP. The four-year annual mean ozone concentration, AOT40, and POD were 0.055 ppm, 18.02 ppm h, and 5.02 mmol m, respectively. At county level, the relative loss of maize yield (MRYL) based on AOT40 and POD had clearly spatio-temporal differences in NCP. The average MRYLs of AOT40 and of POD from 2015 to 2018 were 10.4% and 21.4%, respectively, and these reductions were associated with 2399 million and 5637 million US dollars, respectively. This study suggests that surface ozone increased the yield losses of maize, and indicates that further reductions in ozone concentrations can enhance the food security in China.
地面臭氧（O）对农作物有负面影响。玉米是中国重要的粮食作物。华北平原（NCP）是中国主要的农作物产区，经历着严重的臭氧污染。本研究利用大气化学输送模式（WRF-Chem）模拟的近地面臭氧，基于暴露-响应 AOT40（小时臭氧浓度超过 40 ppb 的积累）和通量-响应 POD（臭氧超过 6 nmol m s 的植物毒性剂量），量化了 2015-2018 年华北平原玉米的减产和经济损失。结果表明，2015 年至 2018 年，华北平原玉米生长季臭氧浓度、AOT40 和 POD 明显增加。四年间玉米生长季的年平均臭氧浓度、AOT40 和 POD 分别为 0.055 ppm、18.02 ppm h 和 5.02 mmol m。在县级水平上，基于 AOT40 和 POD 的玉米相对产量损失（MRYL）在华北平原具有明显的时空差异。2015 年至 2018 年 AOT40 和 POD 的平均 MRYL 分别为 10.4%和 21.4%，分别造成 23.99 亿美元和 56.37 亿美元的经济损失。本研究表明，地面臭氧增加了玉米的产量损失，并表明进一步降低臭氧浓度可以提高中国的粮食安全。
