Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jun 20;722:137958. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137958. Epub 2020 Mar 14.
Maize is the second most important crop per harvested area in the world. The North China Plain (NCP) is a highly populated and relevant agricultural region in China, experiencing some of the highest ozone (O) concentrations worldwide. It produces ~24% of the total maize production of China in years 2014-2017. For these years, we used observational O data in combination with geostatistic methods to estimate county-level production and economic losses due to O in the NCP. AOT40 (accumulated ozone exposure over an hourly threshold of 40 ppb) values during the maize growing season (90 days before maturity) progressively increased in the four consecutive years: 13.7 ppm h, 15.4 ppm h, 16.9 ppm h and 22.7 ppm h. Mean relative yield losses were 8.2% in 2014, 9.2% in 2015, 10.4% in 2016 and 13.4% in 2017. These yield losses, derived from exposure-response functions, resulted in crop production losses of 530.3 × 10 t, 617.8 × 10 t, 713.8 × 10 t, and 953.4 × 10 t, as well as economic losses of 2343 million USD, 2672 million USD, 1887 million USD, and 2404 million USD from 2014 to 2017. The NCP is a key area in China for monitoring the effectiveness of the clean air action policies aiming at reducing emissions of air pollutants. Despite these measures, O concentrations have increased in NCP, and reduction of this pollutant are challenging. We suggest an increase in the number of rural air quality stations for better characterizing O trends in cropland areas, as well as the application of different mitigation measures. They may involve more stringent air quality regulations and changes in crops, breeding tolerant cultivars and a crop management taking into account O pollution.
玉米是世界上按收获面积计算的第二大重要作物。华北平原（NCP）是中国人口众多且重要的农业区，该地区经历着世界上一些最高的臭氧（O）浓度。在 2014-2017 年期间，该地区生产了中国约 24%的玉米总产量。在这几年中，我们使用观测到的 O 数据结合地统计学方法来估计华北平原的县级 O 产量和经济损失。在玉米生长季节（成熟前 90 天），AOT40（40 ppb 小时阈值以上的臭氧积累暴露）值在连续四年中逐渐增加：13.7 ppm h、15.4 ppm h、16.9 ppm h 和 22.7 ppm h。2014 年、2015 年、2016 年和 2017 年的平均相对产量损失分别为 8.2%、9.2%、10.4%和 13.4%。这些由暴露-反应函数得出的产量损失导致 2014 年至 2017 年的作物产量损失分别为 530.3×10 t、617.8×10 t、713.8×10 t 和 953.4×10 t，以及经济损失分别为 23.43 亿美元、26.72 亿美元、18.87 亿美元和 24.04 亿美元。华北平原是中国监测旨在减少空气污染物排放的清洁空气行动计划有效性的关键地区。尽管采取了这些措施，NCP 中的 O 浓度仍在增加，并且减少这种污染物具有挑战性。我们建议增加农村空气质量监测站的数量，以更好地描述农田地区的 O 趋势，并应用不同的缓解措施。它们可能涉及更严格的空气质量法规和作物的变化，培育耐受品种以及考虑 O 污染的作物管理。
