Nyameasem John Kormla, Zutz Mareike, Kluß Christof, Huf Martin Ten, Essich Christoph, Buchen-Tschiskale Caroline, Ruser Reiner, Flessa Heinz, Olfs Hans-Werner, Taube Friedhelm, Reinsch Thorsten
Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Christian-Albrechts- University Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Christian-Albrechts- University Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Dec 15;315:120302. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120302. Epub 2022 Oct 3.
Optimal manure management is required to ensure efficient nutrient supply to farmland and to avoid adverse environmental impacts. Accordingly, ammonia (NH) emissions associated with different slurry application techniques were investigated in grassland trials under different soil and weather conditions across Germany. Cattle slurry was applied in two dressings, early in spring and after the first silage cut, with a target amount of 170 kg N ha. The application treatments comprised: trailing shoe (TS), acidified slurry applied with trailing shoe (TS + A), open slot injection (SI), and slurry treated with a nitrification inhibitor (NI) applied by slot injection (SI + NI). In addition, slurry application techniques were compared with a non-N-fertilized control and a mineral fertilizer treatment (calcium ammonium nitrate, CAN). NH measurements followed each N application event. NH losses were equivalent to 1-39% of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) applied. The average NH mitigation potential of the different slurry application techniques compared to TS was 45.7 ± 7, 21.2 ± 6.2 and 13.7 ± 8.2% for TS + A, SI and SI + NI, respectively. The use of nitrification inhibitor with slot injected slurry did not increase NH losses relative to TS (p > 0.05). Mean apparent N use efficiency was two times higher for CAN (49%) than the slurry treatments (24%) but was comparable between SI + NI and CAN in five out of the eight cases. Our results indicate that mean TAN related NH emissions of tested treatments (3.3, 22.6, 12.2, 17.8 and 19.3% for CAN, TS, TS + A, SI and SI + NI, respectively) were generally lower than described in previous studies. Moreover, the results suggested possible increases in NH mitigation and N use efficiency when cattle slurry is applied with acidification or injection techniques. We found no evidence that NI addition to slot injected slurry, a treatment discussed as a measure to reduce NO emission and nitrate leaching, changed NH emission.
需要进行优化的粪便管理，以确保向农田有效供应养分，并避免对环境产生不利影响。因此，在德国不同土壤和天气条件下的草地试验中，对与不同粪肥施用技术相关的氨（NH₃）排放进行了研究。牛粪浆分两次施用，一次在早春，一次在第一次青贮收割后，目标施氮量为170 kg N/ha。施用处理包括：拖靴式施肥（TS）、拖靴式施用酸化粪浆（TS + A）、开沟注入（SI）以及用硝化抑制剂（NI）处理后通过开沟注入的粪浆（SI + NI）。此外，将粪肥施用技术与不施氮肥的对照以及矿物肥料处理（硝酸钙铵，CAN）进行了比较。每次施氮后都进行了NH₃测量。NH₃损失相当于施用的总氨氮（TAN）的1%至39%。与TS相比，不同粪肥施用技术的平均NH₃减排潜力分别为：TS + A为45.7 ± 7%，SI为21.2 ± 6.2%，SI + NI为13.7 ± 8.2%。与TS相比，在开沟注入的粪浆中使用硝化抑制剂不会增加NH₃损失（p > 0.05）。CAN的平均表观氮利用效率（49%）是粪肥处理（24%）的两倍，但在八个案例中的五个案例中，SI + NI与CAN相当。我们的结果表明，测试处理中与TAN相关的平均NH₃排放量（CAN、TS、TS + A、SI和SI + NI分别为3.3%、22.6%、12.2%、17.8%和19.3%）通常低于先前研究中的描述。此外，结果表明，当采用酸化或注入技术施用牛粪浆时，可以提高NH₃减排和氮利用效率。我们没有发现证据表明，在讨论作为减少NO排放和硝酸盐淋失措施的开沟注入粪浆中添加NI会改变NH₃排放。
