Kagoya Harriet Rachel, Kibuule Dan, Rennie Timothy William, Kabwebwe Mitonga Honoré
School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.
School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.
Med Access Point Care. 2020 Jul 27;4:2399202620940267. doi: 10.1177/2399202620940267. eCollection 2020 Jan-Dec.
Limited utility of quality health data undermines efforts to strengthen healthcare delivery, particularly in resource-limited settings. Few studies model the effective utility of quality pharmaceutical information system (PIS) data in sub-Saharan Africa, typified with weak health systems.
To develop a model and guidelines for strengthening utility of quality PIS data in public healthcare in Namibia, a resource-limited setting.
A qualitative model based on Dickoff et al. practice-oriented theory, Chinn and Jacobs' systematic approach to theory, and applied consensus techniques. Data from nationwide studies on quality and utility of PIS data in public healthcare conducted between 2018 and March 2020 informed the development of the model concepts. Pharmaceutical and public health systems experts validated the final model.
Overall, four preliminary national studies that recruited 58 PIS focal persons at 38 public health facilities and national level informed the development of four model concepts. The model describes concepts on access, management, dissemination, and utility of quality PIS data. Activities to implement the model in practice include grass-root integration of real-time automated pharmaceutical intelligence systems to collect, consolidate, monitor, and report PIS data. Strengthening coordination, human resources, and technical capacity through support supervisory systems at grass-root facilities are key activities. PIS focal persons at health facility and national level are agents to implement these activities among recipients, that is, healthcare professionals at points of care. Guidelines for implementation of the model at point of care are included. Experts described the model as clear, simple, comprehensive, and integration of pharmaceutical intelligence systems at point of care as novel and of importance to enhance utility of quality PIS data in resource-limited settings.
While utility of quality PIS data is limited in Namibia, advantages of the model are encouraging, toward building resilient pharmaceutical intelligence systems at grass roots in resource-limited countries, where there are not only weak health systems, but high burden of misuse of medicines.
优质健康数据的效用有限，这削弱了加强医疗服务提供的努力，在资源有限的环境中尤其如此。很少有研究对撒哈拉以南非洲地区优质药品信息系统（PIS）数据的有效效用进行建模，该地区的卫生系统较为薄弱。
为在资源有限的纳米比亚加强公共医疗中优质PIS数据的效用制定一个模型和指南。
基于迪科夫等人的实践导向理论、钦和雅各布斯的系统理论方法以及应用共识技术构建一个定性模型。2018年至2020年3月期间在全国范围内开展的关于公共医疗中PIS数据质量和效用的研究数据为模型概念的发展提供了信息。药品和公共卫生系统专家对最终模型进行了验证。
总体而言，四项初步的全国性研究共招募了38个公共卫生机构和国家层面的58名PIS协调人，这些研究为四个模型概念的发展提供了信息。该模型描述了优质PIS数据的获取、管理、传播和效用等概念。在实践中实施该模型的活动包括将实时自动化药品情报系统进行基层整合，以收集、整合、监测和报告PIS数据。通过基层机构的支持监督系统加强协调、人力资源和技术能力是关键活动。卫生机构和国家层面的PIS协调人是在接受者（即护理点的医疗专业人员）中开展这些活动的主体。其中还包括在护理点实施该模型的指南。专家们将该模型描述为清晰、简单、全面，且在护理点整合药品情报系统是新颖的，对于在资源有限的环境中提高优质PIS数据的效用具有重要意义，在这些环境中不仅卫生系统薄弱，而且药品滥用负担也很高。
虽然纳米比亚优质PIS数据的效用有限，但该模型的优势令人鼓舞，有助于在资源有限的国家建立有韧性的基层药品情报系统，这些国家不仅卫生系统薄弱，而且药品滥用负担沉重。
