Tomaz Luiza Andrade, Pereira Crislei Gonçalves, Braga Luiza Vargas Mascarenhas, Prates Sarah Morais Senna, Silva Alessandro Rangel Carolino Sales, Soares Ana Paula da Costa, de Faria Natália Cristina, Anastácio Lucilene Rezende
Food Science Graduation Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Front Nutr. 2022 Sep 20;9:919582. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.919582. eCollection 2022.
Nutrient profiling is the science of classifying or ranking foods according to their nutritional composition, for reasons related to disease prevention and health promotion. To be effective, policies such as front-of-pack nutrition labeling (FoPNL) must have an adequate nutritional profile model, since it will determine which products will be eligible to receive a FoPNL. This study aimed to determine the percentage of packaged food and drink products available in Brazil that would be subject to FoPNL under two different legislations: Brazilian and Mexican. This is a cross-sectional study in which we collected information on food products (photos of the ingredients list, the front label, the barcode, and the nutrition facts table) from one of the largest stores of a supermarket chain in the city of Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil, from March to May 2021 (~6 months after the publication of the Brazilian legislation about FoPNL and a year and a half before the legislation came into force). The products were classified in relation to the BNPM (added sugars, saturated fats, and sodium) and the MNPM (energy, free sugars, saturated fats, trans fats, sodium, non-sugar sweeteners, and caffeine). A total of 3384 products were collected and, after applying the exclusion criteria, 3,335 products were evaluated. Of these, 2,901 would be eligible to receive FoPNL in Brazil and 2,914 would be eligible to receive FoPNL in Mexico. According to the BNPM, 56.7% (95% CI 54.9; 58.5%) of the products were "high in" critical nutrients, 27.1% (95% CI 25.5; 28.7%) of the products in added sugars, 26.7% (95% CI 25.2; 28.4%) of the products in saturated fats, and 21.4% (95% CI 19.9; 22.9%) of the products in sodium. As for the MNPM, 96.8% (95% CI 96.1; 97.4%) of them were "high in" up to five critical nutrients and up to two warning rectangles (caffeine and non-sugar sweeteners), 45.8% (95% CI 44.0; 47.6%) of them in free sugars, 43.7% (95% CI 41.9; 45.5%) of them in saturated fats, and 47.9% (95% CI 46.1; 49.7%) of them in sodium. We concluded that the eligibility to receive FoPNL by BNPM and MNPM was relatively similar between products; however, almost all products would have at least one FoPNL and/or warning rectangles according to Mexican legislation, and nearly half of them would have at least one FoPNL, considering BNPM. The MNPM is much more restrictive than the BNPM. The Nutrient Profile Model (NPM) that regulates FoPNL, and other health policies, must be carefully defined to ensure that foods are properly classified according to their healthiness.
营养成分剖析是根据食品的营养成分对其进行分类或排名的科学，目的与疾病预防和健康促进相关。要想有效，诸如包装正面营养标签（FoPNL）之类的政策必须有一个合适的营养成分剖析模型，因为它将决定哪些产品有资格获得FoPNL。本研究旨在确定巴西市场上的包装食品和饮料产品中，根据巴西和墨西哥这两种不同法规有资格获得FoPNL的产品所占百分比。这是一项横断面研究，我们于2021年3月至5月（巴西关于FoPNL的法规发布约6个月后，该法规生效前一年半），从巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州贝洛奥里藏特市一家连锁超市的最大店铺之一收集了食品产品信息（成分列表照片、正面标签、条形码和营养成分表）。这些产品根据巴西营养成分剖析模型（BNPM，针对添加糖、饱和脂肪和钠）和墨西哥营养成分剖析模型（MNPM，针对能量、游离糖、饱和脂肪、反式脂肪、钠、非糖甜味剂和咖啡因）进行分类。总共收集了3384种产品，应用排除标准后，对3335种产品进行了评估。其中，2901种产品在巴西有资格获得FoPNL，2914种产品在墨西哥有资格获得FoPNL。根据BNPM，56.7%（95%置信区间54.9；58.5%）的产品“富含”关键营养素，27.1%（95%置信区间25.5；28.7%）的产品添加糖含量高，26.7%（95%置信区间25.2；28.4%）的产品饱和脂肪含量高，21.4%（95%置信区间19.9；22.9%）的产品钠含量高。至于MNPM，96.8%（95%置信区间96.1；97.4%）的产品“富含”多达五种关键营养素和多达两个警示框（咖啡因和非糖甜味剂），45.8%（95%置信区间44.0；47.6%）的产品游离糖含量高，43.7%（95%置信区间41.9；45.5%）的产品饱和脂肪含量高，47.9%（95%置信区间46.1；49.7%）的产品钠含量高。我们得出结论，产品根据BNPM和MNPM获得FoPNL的资格相对相似；然而，根据墨西哥法规，几乎所有产品都会有至少一个FoPNL和/或警示框，而考虑BNPM时，近一半产品会有至少一个FoPNL。MNPM比BNPM限制得多。规范FoPNL及其他健康政策的营养成分剖析模型（NPM）必须仔细界定，以确保食品根据其健康程度得到恰当分类。
