Müller Sascha, Spitzer Carsten, Wichardt Philipp, Kemper Fynn
Institut für Psychologie, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2023 May;73(5):206-211. doi: 10.1055/a-1896-0382. Epub 2022 Oct 7.
The personality trait of sensation seeking (SS) plays a prominent role in health-related risk behaviors and is associated with psychopathology, emotion regulation, and delinquency. Despite this high relevance, hardly any ultra-short self-report measures optimized for test duration exist for the assessment of SS. An exception is the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS-4) consisting of four items, which is gaining international popularity. In this study, the German version of the BSSS-4 was psychometrically evaluated for the first time in a student sample (=419). A unidimensional confirmatory measurement model showed adequate goodness of fit and internal consistency was in the satisfactory range (ω=0,73). As first evidence for adequate construct validity and in line with the hypotheses, associations of the BSSS-4 with male gender, self-reported risk-taking, and risk-taking behavior (operationalized via a lottery-based behavioral paradigm) but not with current depression were found. An examination of measurement invariance across men and women using multigroup CFA suggested that partial scalar measurement invariance can be assumed for the BSSS-4, when equality constraints for loadings and intercepts of Item 1 are relaxed. Considering its increasing international use, the German version of the BSSS-4 can be recommended overall: For an ultra-short instrument, it is sufficiently internally consistent and rather suitable for gender comparisons. In this regard, the facet of experience seeking may be problematic in terms of gender-dependent differences in measurement properties. In light of insufficiently rigorous tests of instruments for the assessment of SS, the results of comparisons between women and men may thus be interpreted with caution.
寻求刺激（SS）这一个性特质在与健康相关的风险行为中起着重要作用，并与精神病理学、情绪调节和犯罪行为相关。尽管具有高度相关性，但几乎没有针对测试时长进行优化的超短自我报告测量方法可用于评估SS。一个例外是由四个项目组成的简版寻求刺激量表（BSSS-4），它在国际上越来越受欢迎。在本研究中，首次在一个学生样本（n = 419）中对德语版BSSS-4进行了心理测量学评估。一个单维验证性测量模型显示出足够的拟合优度，内部一致性处于令人满意的范围内（ω = 0.73）。作为充分的结构效度的首个证据且与假设一致，发现BSSS-4与男性性别、自我报告的冒险行为以及冒险行为（通过基于抽奖的行为范式进行操作化）相关，但与当前的抑郁症状无关。使用多组验证性因素分析对男性和女性之间的测量不变性进行的检验表明，当放宽项目1的载荷和截距的平等约束时，可以假设BSSS-4具有部分标量测量不变性。考虑到其在国际上的使用越来越多，总体上可以推荐德语版的BSSS-4：对于一个超短工具，它具有足够的内部一致性，并且相当适合进行性别比较。在这方面，寻求体验这一方面在测量属性的性别差异方面可能存在问题。鉴于对评估SS的工具的测试不够严格，因此男女之间比较的结果可能需要谨慎解释。
