Luo Changlin, Qiao Siyuan, Zhuang Xiangling, Ma Guojie
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
Appetite. 2023 Jan 1;180:106318. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106318. Epub 2022 Oct 4.
Previous studies have found that individuals have an attentional bias for food cues, which may be related to the energy level or the type of stimulus (e.g., pictorial or textual food cues) of the food cues. However, the available evidence is inconsistent, and there is no consensus about how the type of stimulus and food energy modulate food-related attentional bias. Searching for food is one of the most important daily behaviors. In this study, a modified visual search paradigm was used to explore the attentional bias for food cues, and eye movements were recorded. Food cues consisted of both food words and food pictures with different energy levels (i.e., high- and low-calorie foods). The results showed that there was an attentional avoidance in the early stage but a later-stage attentional approach for all food cues in the pictorial condition. This was especially true for high-calorie food pictures. Participants showed a later-stage conflicting attentional bias for foods with different energy levels in the textual condition. They showed an attentional approach to high-calorie food words but an attentional avoidance of low-calorie food words. These data show that food-related attentional bias varied along with different time courses, which was also modulated by the type of stimulus and food energy. These findings regarding dynamic attentional bias could be explained using the Goal Conflict Model of eating behavior.
先前的研究发现，个体对食物线索存在注意力偏差，这可能与食物线索的能量水平或刺激类型（如图片或文字食物线索）有关。然而，现有证据并不一致，对于刺激类型和食物能量如何调节与食物相关的注意力偏差也没有达成共识。寻找食物是最重要的日常行为之一。在本研究中，采用了一种改良的视觉搜索范式来探究对食物线索的注意力偏差，并记录了眼动情况。食物线索包括食物词汇和具有不同能量水平（即高卡路里和低卡路里食物）的食物图片。结果表明，在图片条件下，所有食物线索在早期存在注意力回避，但后期存在注意力趋近。对于高卡路里食物图片尤其如此。在文字条件下，参与者对不同能量水平的食物表现出后期相互冲突的注意力偏差。他们对高卡路里食物词汇表现出注意力趋近，但对低卡路里食物词汇表现出注意力回避。这些数据表明，与食物相关的注意力偏差随不同的时间进程而变化，这也受到刺激类型和食物能量的调节。关于动态注意力偏差的这些发现可以用饮食行为的目标冲突模型来解释。
