Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Utrecht University, Room H0.25, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2023 Jan;85(1):174-187. doi: 10.3758/s13414-022-02570-8. Epub 2022 Oct 7.
The eye's retinotopic exposure to an adapter typically produces an after-image. For example, an observer who fixates a red adapter on a gray background will see an illusory cyan after-image after removing the adapter. The after-image's content, like its color or intensity, gives insight into mechanisms responsible for adaptation and processing of a specific feature. To facilitate adaptation, vision scientists traditionally present stable, unchanging adapters for prolonged durations. How adaptation affects perception when features (e.g., color) dynamically change over time is not understood. To investigate adaptation to a dynamically changing feature, participants viewed a colored patch that changed from a color to gray, following either a direct or curved path through the (roughly) equiluminant color plane of CIE LAB space. We varied the speed and curvature of color changes across trials and experiments. Results showed that dynamic adapters produce after-images, vivid enough to be reported by the majority of participants. An after-image consisted of a color complementary to the average of the adapter's colors with a small bias towards more recent rather than initial adapter colors. The modelling of the reported after-image colors further confirmed that adaptation rapidly instigates and gradually dissipates. A second experiment replicated these results and further showed that the probability of observing an after-image diminishes only slightly when the adapter displays transient (stepwise, abrupt) color transitions. We conclude from the results that the visual system can adapt to dynamic colors, to a degree that is robust to the potential interference of transient changes in adapter content.
眼睛对适配器的视域暴露通常会产生后像。例如，观察者将红色适配器固定在灰色背景上，移除适配器后会看到虚幻的青色后像。后像的内容，如其颜色或强度，为适应和处理特定特征的机制提供了深入的了解。为了促进适应，视觉科学家传统上呈现稳定、不变的适配器以延长时间。当特征（例如颜色）随时间动态变化时，适应如何影响感知尚不清楚。为了研究对动态变化特征的适应，参与者观看了一个彩色补丁，该补丁从一种颜色变为灰色，沿着 CIE LAB 空间的大致等亮度颜色平面的直接或曲线路径变化。我们在试验和实验中改变了颜色变化的速度和曲率。结果表明，动态适配器会产生后像，其生动程度足以被大多数参与者报告。后像由与适配器颜色的平均值互补的颜色组成，并且偏向于最近而不是初始适配器颜色的小偏差。报告的后像颜色的建模进一步证实了适应迅速引发并逐渐消散。第二个实验复制了这些结果，并进一步表明，当适配器显示瞬态（逐步，突然）颜色过渡时，观察到后像的概率仅略有下降。我们从结果中得出结论，视觉系统可以适应动态颜色，在一定程度上可以抵抗适配器内容的瞬态变化的潜在干扰。
