新冠疫情期间中国医护人员流感疫苗接种率下降。
Decreased influenza vaccination coverage among Chinese healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
机构信息
School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541001, China.
出版信息
Infect Dis Poverty. 2022 Oct 8;11(1):105. doi: 10.1186/s40249-022-01029-0.
BACKGROUND
Healthcare workers (HCWs) were the priority group for influenza vaccination, in China during the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 influenza seasons. However, vaccination rates in HCWs have always been low. This study investigated influenza vaccination status among Chinese HCWs and analyzed the factors driving vaccination.
METHODS
We provided electronic questionnaires to HCWs from January 27, 2022 to February 21, 2022, using the WeChat platform "Breath Circles". HCWs who received the link could also forward it to their colleagues. Binary logistic regression models were used to analyze vaccination-associated factors among HCWs.
RESULTS
Among the 1697 HCWs surveyed, vaccination coverage was 43.7% (741/1697) during the 2020/2021 influenza season, and 35.4% (600/1697) during the 2021/2022 influenza season, as of February 21, 2022. Additionally, 22.7% (385/1697) and 22.1% (358/1697) of HCWs reported that their workplaces implemented a free vaccination policy for all employees during the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 influenza seasons. HCWs who were required to be vaccinated according to hospital regulations, and whose hospitals implemented the free influenza vaccine policy were more likely to be vaccinated (2020/2021 and 2021/2022; P < 0.05). In addition, the economic level of the HCWs' province (2021/2022, P < 0.05) and the HCWs' knowledge about vaccination and willingness to get vaccinated, such as active learning about vaccines (2020/2021, P < 0.05), supportive attitude toward vaccination for all HCWs (2020/2021 and 2021/2022; P < 0.05), also had an impact on vaccine coverage.
CONCLUSIONS
A free influenza vaccination policy and workplace required vaccination are effective in improving influenza vaccination coverage among HCWs. Influenza vaccination coverage of Chinese HCWs remained low and showed a downward trend after the COVID-19 outbreak. Further effective measures, such as advocacy campaigns, free vaccine policies, and on-site vaccination could be implemented to improve influenza vaccination coverage.
背景
在中国，2020/2021 年和 2021/2022 年流感季节，医护人员（HCWs）是流感疫苗接种的重点人群。然而，医护人员的疫苗接种率一直很低。本研究调查了中国医护人员的流感疫苗接种情况，并分析了推动接种的因素。
方法
我们于 2022 年 1 月 27 日至 2 月 21 日期间，使用微信平台“朋友圈”向医护人员提供电子问卷。收到链接的医护人员也可以将其转发给同事。使用二项逻辑回归模型分析医护人员的疫苗接种相关因素。
结果
截至 2022 年 2 月 21 日，在接受调查的 1697 名医护人员中，2020/2021 流感季节的疫苗接种率为 43.7%（741/1697），2021/2022 流感季节的疫苗接种率为 35.4%（600/1697）。此外，22.7%（385/1697）和 22.1%（358/1697）的医护人员报告称，其工作场所在 2020/2021 年和 2021/2022 年流感季节为所有员工提供免费疫苗接种政策。根据医院规定要求接种疫苗且医院实施免费流感疫苗政策的医护人员更有可能接种疫苗（2020/2021 年和 2021/2022 年；P<0.05）。此外，医护人员所在省份的经济水平（2021/2022 年，P<0.05）以及医护人员对疫苗接种的了解程度和接种意愿，如积极学习疫苗知识（2020/2021 年，P<0.05）、对所有医护人员接种疫苗的支持态度（2020/2021 年和 2021/2022 年；P<0.05），也对疫苗接种率有影响。
结论
免费流感疫苗接种政策和工作场所要求接种是提高医护人员流感疫苗接种率的有效措施。中国医护人员的流感疫苗接种率仍然很低，并且在 COVID-19 爆发后呈下降趋势。可以实施进一步的有效措施，如宣传活动、免费疫苗政策和现场接种，以提高流感疫苗接种率。
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