Luo Ye, Carbajales-Dale Patricia, Li Miao, Haller William, Wang Yu-Bo
Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States.
Center for Geospatial Technologies, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States.
Front Public Health. 2025 Apr 10;13:1569280. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1569280. eCollection 2025.
Despite availability of vaccines proven to prevent severe illness, hospitalization, and death from COVID-19, a significant portion of the population remains hesitant to get vaccinated. This study examined the association between the proximity to vaccination sites and COVID-19 vaccine uptake and the role of gender and vaccine distrust in this relationship.
We used data from the COVID-19 Exposure, Prevention, and Impact Study in Upstate South Carolina of the United States which was a cross-sectional survey conducted from March 2022 to August 2022 using address-based probability sampling for a mail-to-web survey. The analysis included 255 respondents (86 men and 169 women).
About 75% of respondents were vaccinated. Men were more likely to be vaccinated than women (84% vs. 71%). Having 1 to 9 pharmacies nearby increased vaccination odds by 4.64 times; having 10 or more increased these odds by 3.46 times (compared to no pharmacies). Each additional kilometer to the nearest pharmacy decreased vaccination odds by 8%. Women showed weaker associations between proximity to vaccination sites and vaccine uptake compared to men. Including vaccine distrust in the model rendered the interaction term of gender and proximity to vaccination sites insignificant, highlighting distrust as a dominant factor. Further analysis showed that the effect of proximity to vaccination sites on reducing COVID-19 vaccine distrust was weaker for women.
These findings underscore the complex interplay between access, trust, and demographic factors in determining vaccine uptake. Addressing vaccine hesitancy requires a multifaceted approach. Strategies should focus on improving access, building trust through transparent communication, and tailoring interventions to demographic-specific barriers.
尽管有经证实可预防新冠严重疾病、住院和死亡的疫苗，但仍有很大一部分人群对接种疫苗犹豫不决。本研究调查了与疫苗接种点的距离与新冠疫苗接种率之间的关联，以及性别和疫苗不信任感在这种关系中的作用。
我们使用了美国南卡罗来纳州北部新冠暴露、预防和影响研究的数据，这是一项于2022年3月至2022年8月进行的横断面调查，采用基于地址的概率抽样进行邮寄到网络的调查。分析纳入了255名受访者（86名男性和169名女性）。
约75%的受访者接种了疫苗。男性接种疫苗的可能性高于女性（84%对71%）。附近有1至9家药店会使接种几率增加4.64倍；有10家或更多药店会使这些几率增加3.46倍（与没有药店相比）。到最近药店的距离每增加一公里，接种几率就会降低8%。与男性相比，女性在与疫苗接种点的距离和疫苗接种率之间的关联较弱。在模型中纳入疫苗不信任感后，性别与疫苗接种点距离的交互项变得不显著，突出了不信任感是一个主导因素。进一步分析表明，疫苗接种点距离对减少女性新冠疫苗不信任感的影响较弱。
这些发现强调了在决定疫苗接种率方面，可及性、信任和人口因素之间的复杂相互作用。解决疫苗犹豫问题需要采取多方面的方法。策略应侧重于改善可及性，通过透明沟通建立信任，并针对特定人口群体的障碍调整干预措施。
