Sax Dov F, Schlaepfer Martin A, Olden Julian D
Institute at Brown for Environment and Society & Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2022 Dec;37(12):1058-1066. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.08.005. Epub 2022 Oct 6.
While decision-making can benefit from considering positive and negative outcomes of change, over the past half-century, research on non-native species has focused predominately on their negative impacts. Here we provide a framework for considering the positive consequences of non-native species relative to relational, instrumental, and intrinsic values. We demonstrate that their beneficial outcomes are common and profoundly important for human well-being. Identified benefits include social cohesion, cultural identity, mental health, food and fuel production, regulation of clean waters, and attenuation of climate change. We argue that long-standing biases against non-native species within the literature have clouded the scientific process and hampered policy advances and sound public understanding. Future research should consider both costs and benefits of non-native species.
虽然决策可以从考虑变化的积极和消极结果中受益，但在过去的半个世纪里，关于非本地物种的研究主要集中在它们的负面影响上。在这里，我们提供了一个框架，用于考虑非本地物种相对于关系价值、工具价值和内在价值的积极影响。我们证明，它们的有益结果很常见，对人类福祉至关重要。已确定的益处包括社会凝聚力、文化认同、心理健康、食物和燃料生产、清洁水的调节以及气候变化的缓解。我们认为，文献中对非本地物种长期存在的偏见模糊了科学过程，阻碍了政策进步和公众的正确理解。未来的研究应该同时考虑非本地物种的成本和收益。
