Fokam Tagne Michel Archange, Kom Blaise, Foyet Fondjo Angèle, Noubissi Paul Aimé, Talom Tangue Benjamin, Gaffo Estelle Flora, Fankem Gaëtan Olivier, Wambe Henri, Mukam Joseph Ngakou, Kamgang René
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2022 Sep 20;97:100685. doi: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2022.100685. eCollection 2022.
Ulcerative colitis is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by tissue damage, diarrhea, anemia, and loss of body weight. Tissue damage occurs as a result of uncontrolled activation of the immune response and an increase in free radicals, which have a strong effect on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. The incidence and prevalence of this inflammatory disease continue to increase worldwide. Maceration of leaves in palm wine is used in traditional medicine to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and hemorrhoids in the Adamaoua region of Cameroon.
The present work evaluated the preclinical effects (ie, antioxidant, hematological, and histological activities) of the hydroethanolic extract of leaves in an in vivo, rat acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis model.
Thirty-six female rats weighing between 165 and 180 g were fasted for 18 hours and then anesthetized with ether. A dose of 1 mL acetic acid (5%) was administered rectally through a catheter in all rats except the normal control group, which received distilled water (1 mL) instead. Treatments began 48 hours after rectal administrations of acetic acid or water, and all animals were treated twice daily for 7 days. The normal control group and the colitis control group received PO distilled water (10 mL/kg), the positive control received orally loperamide (5 mg/kg, and the 3 test groups received orally the hydroethanolic extract of at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. During treatment, the number of diarrheal stools and weight change were assessed. At the end of the treatment, the animals were put to death under ether anesthesia. Blood was collected postmortem for evaluation of hematological and antioxidant parameters. The abdomen was opened via a midline incision and the colon was removed and emptied of all contents to assess histological and antioxidant parameters.
During treatment, the number of diarrheal stools was significantly decreased from day 3 in animals treated with 100 ( < 0.05), 200 ( < 0.05), and 400 ( < 0.01) mg/kg extract compared with the colitis control group. The change in body weight of all extract-treated rats decreased significantly from day 3 (-5.55%; < 0.05) to day 8 (-13.80%; < 0.01) compared with the normal control. In the colitis control, this change ranges from -6.15% on day 2 to -15.13% on day 8. Extract treatment with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced ( < 0.05) the number of lesions and the relative weight of the colon. The levels of red blood cells, neutrophils, and total white blood cells decreased in the colitis control group, whereas treatment with the extract at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was associated with a significant increase in these hematological parameters. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione concentrations all increased significantly ( < 0.01) in blood and colon in all extract-treated animals, whereas levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were significantly decreased ( < 0.01) compared with the colitis control animals.
The hydroethanolic extract of leaves had protective effects against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats that was associated with inhibited production of free radicals believed to be responsible for oxidative stress, hematological disorders, and tissue damage in this animal model.
溃疡性结肠炎是一种特发性炎症性肠病，其特征为组织损伤、腹泻、贫血和体重减轻。组织损伤是免疫反应失控和自由基增加的结果，自由基对炎症性肠病的发病机制有很大影响。这种炎症性疾病在全球范围内的发病率和患病率持续上升。在喀麦隆阿达马瓦地区的传统医学中，用棕榈酒浸泡树叶来治疗腹泻、痢疾和痔疮。
本研究在大鼠乙酸诱导的溃疡性结肠炎体内模型中评估树叶水乙醇提取物的临床前效应（即抗氧化、血液学和组织学活性）。
36只体重在165至180克之间的雌性大鼠禁食18小时，然后用乙醚麻醉。除正常对照组接受蒸馏水（1毫升）外，所有大鼠均通过导管经直肠给予1毫升乙酸（5%）。在直肠给予乙酸或水48小时后开始治疗，所有动物每天治疗两次，持续7天。正常对照组和结肠炎对照组口服蒸馏水（10毫升/千克），阳性对照组口服洛哌丁胺（5毫克/千克），3个试验组分别口服100、200和400毫克/千克的树叶水乙醇提取物。在治疗期间，评估腹泻粪便的数量和体重变化。治疗结束时，动物在乙醚麻醉下处死。死后采集血液以评估血液学和抗氧化参数。通过中线切口打开腹部，取出结肠并清空所有内容物以评估组织学和抗氧化参数。
在治疗期间，与结肠炎对照组相比，用100（P<0.05）、200（P<0.05）和400（P<0.01）毫克/千克提取物治疗的动物从第3天起腹泻粪便数量显著减少。与正常对照组相比，所有提取物治疗的大鼠体重变化从第3天（-5.55%；P<0.05）到第8天（-13.8%；P<0.01）显著下降。在结肠炎对照组中，这种变化范围从第2天的-6.15%到第8天的-15.13%。用100、200和400毫克/千克提取物治疗显著减少（P<0.05）病变数量和结肠相对重量。结肠炎对照组中红细胞、中性粒细胞和总白细胞水平下降，而用100、200和400毫克/千克剂量的提取物治疗与这些血液学参数的显著增加相关。在所有提取物治疗的动物中，血液和结肠中的过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性以及谷胱甘肽浓度均显著增加（P<0.01），而与结肠炎对照动物相比，丙二醛和一氧化氮水平显著降低（P<0.01）。
树叶水乙醇提取物对大鼠乙酸诱导的溃疡性结肠炎具有保护作用，这与抑制自由基的产生有关，自由基被认为是该动物模型中氧化应激、血液学紊乱和组织损伤的原因。
