Ji Tuo, Guo Xinyong, Wu Fengling, Wei Min, Li Jing, Ji Ping, Wang Ningxin, Yang Fengjuan
State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Facility Agricultural Engineering (Huang-Huai-Hai Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Sep 23;13:981288. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.981288. eCollection 2022.
Water scarcity is a worldwide problem, and in order to obtain plenty of production, agricultural irrigation water accounts for a large portion. Many studies have shown that the interaction of root microorganisms and soil can promote crop growth. Developing ways to reduce irrigation to maintain soil fertility and ensure crop yield by regulating the root microenvironment is an important research goal. Here, we developed a reasonable irrigation plan for eggplant cultivation in a solar greenhouse. The maximum theoretical amount of water demand during eggplant planting obtained from a previous study was used as the control (CK), and the irrigation in the treatments was reduced by 10, 20 and 30% relative to this amount. The 10% irrigation reduction treatment (T1) significantly improved soil nutrients and increased soil catalase, urease and alkaline phosphatase activities ( < 0.05). Further analysis of rhizosphere microorganisms revealed the highest richness and diversity of the microbial community under the T1 treatment, with Bacilli as the most abundant bacteria and Aspergillaceae as the most abundant fungi and lower relative abundances of Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria ( < 0.05). Changes in microbial community structure under the influence of different irrigation treatments resulted in improvements in rhizosphere N cycling and nutrient catabolism. The plant-microbe interactions led to significant increases in eggplant plant height, root vigour, root surface area, leaf chlorophyll a, leaf net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance under the T1 treatment compared to the CK treatment; soluble sugar, soluble protein and free amino acid contents in eggplant fruit increased by 10.8, 12.3 and 6.7%, respectively; and yield increased by 3.9%. Our research proved that the 10% irrigation reduction treatment (T1) could improve microbial community richness and fruit yield, which would improve irrigation efficiency and cost reduction in agriculture.
水资源短缺是一个全球性问题，为了获得大量农产品，农业灌溉用水占了很大一部分。许多研究表明，根系微生物与土壤的相互作用可以促进作物生长。通过调节根系微环境来开发减少灌溉以维持土壤肥力并确保作物产量的方法是一个重要的研究目标。在此，我们为日光温室茄子栽培制定了合理的灌溉计划。将先前研究得出的茄子种植期间的最大理论需水量作为对照（CK），各处理的灌溉量相对于此量减少10%、20%和30%。灌溉量减少10%的处理（T1）显著改善了土壤养分，提高了土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性（P＜0.05）。对根际微生物的进一步分析表明，T1处理下微生物群落的丰富度和多样性最高，其中芽孢杆菌是最丰富的细菌，曲霉科是最丰富的真菌，绿弯菌门和酸杆菌门的相对丰度较低（P＜0.05）。不同灌溉处理影响下微生物群落结构的变化导致根际氮循环和养分分解代谢得到改善。与CK处理相比，T1处理下植物与微生物的相互作用使茄子株高、根系活力、根表面积、叶片叶绿素a、叶片净光合速率、水分利用效率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度显著增加；茄子果实中的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸含量分别增加了10.8%、12.3%和6.7%；产量提高了3.9%。我们的研究证明，灌溉量减少10%的处理（T1）可以提高微生物群落丰富度和果实产量，这将提高农业灌溉效率并降低成本。
