Liu Cong, Wan Cui-Cui, Song Xu, Xia Guang-Fu, Ao Nai, Sang Jia-la, Wang Kui-Ming, Wang Jun
1 College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China.
2 Agricultural Residue Testing Center of Bohu, Bohu 841400, Xinjiang, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2024 Jun;35(6):1599-1607. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.015.
Effective microorganisms (EM) might alleviate deterioration of soil environmental quality and yield decline of pepper () caused by continuous replanting and imbalanced fertilizer application in Xinjiang. We investigated the effects of applying EM microbial agent on the growth of pepper plants, yield, soil nutrient content, soil enzyme activity, and rhizosphere eukaryotic community. The results showed that the application of EM microbial agent increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width and root length by 22.6%, 35.3%, 33.3%, 29.7% and 15.1%, respectively. It also increased fruit width, individual fruit weight, and yield by 5.3%, 42.9%, and 74.7%, respectively. After the application of EM microbial agent, the levels of soil available nitrogen increased by 10.2% and 5.8% during the flowering and maturity stages, respectively. Similarly, available phosphorus increased by 10.4% and 13.4%, respectively. The soil sucrase activity was increased by 40.7%, 14.6%, and 9.3% during the seedling, flowering, and maturity stages, respectively. Urease activity was also increased by 7.9%, 10.2%, and 11.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the application of EM microbial agent increased soil peroxidase activity by 16.8% and 44.6% at flowering and maturity stages, respectively. The application of microbial agent significantly altered the β-diversity of the rhizosphere eukaryotic community in pepper plants. Specifically, microbial agent increased the relative abundances of populations belonging to and genera, which could contribute to soil improvement and nutrient cycling. Compared to the CK, the relative abundance of pathogenic microorganisms including and genera decreased by 98.0% and 89.3%, and the relative abundance of the Verticillium decreased to 0. These results demonstrated that EM microbial agent could increase soil nutrient content, enhance soil enzyme activity, and reduce soil pathogenic fungi in the pepper cultivation areas of Xinjiang, thus achieving beneficial effects on pepper growth and fruit yield.
有效微生物（EM）可能会缓解新疆因连作和施肥不均衡导致的土壤环境质量恶化和辣椒产量下降的问题。我们研究了施用EM微生物菌剂对辣椒植株生长、产量、土壤养分含量、土壤酶活性和根际真核生物群落的影响。结果表明，施用EM微生物菌剂使株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽和根长分别增加了22.6%、35.3%、33.3%、29.7%和15.1%。它还使果实宽度、单果重和产量分别增加了5.3%、42.9%和74.7%。施用EM微生物菌剂后，花期和成熟期土壤有效氮含量分别增加了10.2%和5.8%。同样，有效磷分别增加了10.4%和13.4%。土壤蔗糖酶活性在苗期、花期和成熟期分别提高了40.7%、14.6%和9.3%。脲酶活性也分别提高了7.9%、10.2%和11.5%。此外，施用EM微生物菌剂使花期和成熟期土壤过氧化物酶活性分别提高了16.8%和44.6%。施用微生物菌剂显著改变了辣椒植株根际真核生物群落的β多样性。具体而言，微生物菌剂增加了属于 和 属种群的相对丰度，这有助于土壤改良和养分循环。与对照相比，包括 和 属在内的致病微生物相对丰度分别下降了98.0%和89.3%，黄萎病菌相对丰度降至0。这些结果表明，EM微生物菌剂可以增加新疆辣椒种植区的土壤养分含量，增强土壤酶活性，减少土壤致病真菌，从而对辣椒生长和果实产量产生有益影响。
