Department of Irrigation, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain; Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.
Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Waste Management, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Mar 15;812:151429. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151429. Epub 2021 Nov 4.
Ozone has been applied in many processes (drinking water disinfection and wastewater treatment, among others) based on its high degree of effectiveness as a wide-spectrum disinfectant and its potential for the degradation of pollutants and pesticides. Nevertheless, the effects of irrigation with ozonated water on the soil microbial community and plant physiology and productivity at the field scale are largely unknown. Here, we assessed the impact of irrigation with ozonated water on the microbial community of a Mediterranean soil and on Solanum lycopersicum L. agro-physiology and productivity in a greenhouse experiment. For this purpose, we evaluated: i) soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and the biomass (through analysis of microbial fatty acids) and diversity (through 16S rRNA gene and ITS2 amplicon sequencing) of the soil microbial community, and ii) the nutrient content, physiology, yield, and fruit quality of tomato plants. Overall, the soil physicochemical properties were slightly affected by the treatments applied, showing some differences between continuous and intermittent irrigation with ozonated water. Only the soil pH was significantly reduced by continuous irrigation with ozonated water at the end of the assay. Biochemical parameters (enzymatic activities) showed no significant differences between the treatments studied. The biomasses of Gram- bacteria and fungi were decreased by intermittent and continuous irrigation with ozonated water, respectively. However, the diversity, structure, and composition of the soil microbial community were not affected by the ozone treatments. Changes in soil properties slightly affected tomato plant physiology but did not affect yield or fruit quality. The stomatal conductance was reduced and the intrinsic water use efficiency was increased by continuous irrigation with ozonated water. Our results suggest that soil health and fertility were not compromised, however ozonated water treatments should be tailored to individual crop conditions to avoid adverse effects.
臭氧已被应用于许多过程中（饮用水消毒和废水处理等），这是基于其作为广谱消毒剂的高度有效性以及降解污染物和农药的潜力。然而，将臭氧水灌溉应用于田间尺度的土壤微生物群落和植物生理及生产力的影响在很大程度上尚不清楚。在这里，我们评估了臭氧水灌溉对地中海土壤微生物群落以及温室实验中番茄生理和生产力的影响。为此，我们评估了：i）土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性、微生物生物量（通过分析微生物脂肪酸）和多样性（通过 16S rRNA 基因和 ITS2 扩增子测序），以及 ii）番茄植株的养分含量、生理、产量和果实品质。总体而言，处理对土壤理化性质的影响较小，连续和间歇性臭氧水灌溉之间存在一些差异。仅在试验结束时，连续臭氧水灌溉会显著降低土壤 pH 值。生化参数（酶活性）在研究的处理之间没有显示出显著差异。革兰氏细菌和真菌的生物量分别被间歇性和连续臭氧水灌溉所减少。然而，臭氧处理并没有影响土壤微生物群落的多样性、结构和组成。土壤性质的变化轻微影响了番茄植物的生理，但没有影响产量或果实品质。连续臭氧水灌溉降低了气孔导度并增加了内在水分利用效率。我们的结果表明，土壤健康和肥力没有受到损害，但是臭氧水处理应根据个别作物的情况进行调整，以避免不利影响。
