Department of Environment & Geography, University of York, York, UK.
Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK.
Pest Manag Sci. 2023 Feb;79(2):616-626. doi: 10.1002/ps.7229. Epub 2022 Oct 28.
Tillage operations will change the distribution in soil for any pesticide residues still present from earlier applications. This redistributive effect of tillage has been neglected in the study of pesticide leaching behavior. This study reviews the literature to characterize this redistributive effect for different tillage operations and uses a pesticide leaching model to investigate the impact of redistribution on pesticide transport to subsurface drains which is a significant input route to surface water bodies.
Inversion ploughing moves the majority of any residues of pesticide present at or near the soil surface into the bottom two-thirds of the plough layer, whereas non-inversion ploughing has only a limited redistributive effect. Incorporating this redistributive effect into model simulations resulted in large changes (typically 5-10-fold difference) in both the maximum concentration and total mass of pesticide transported to drains over the winter following cultivation. More intense cultivation decreased subsequent leaching for relatively mobile compounds (Koc ≤1000 mL g ), but increased it for strongly sorbed pesticides (Koc ≥2000 mL g ).
The redistributive effect of soil tillage on pesticide residues can have a large effect on subsequent transport to subsurface drains. This effect has been neglected in the literature. Field research is required to validate the model simulations presented here, and consideration should be given as to whether the effect needs to be included within risk assessment procedures. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
耕作操作会改变土壤中任何先前施用的农药残留的分布。这种耕作的再分配效应在研究农药淋溶行为时被忽视了。本研究综述了文献，以描述不同耕作操作的这种再分配效应，并使用农药淋溶模型来研究再分配对向地下排水沟输送农药的影响，这是地表水体的一个重要输入途径。
翻耕将大部分存在于土壤表面或附近的农药残留转移到底部 2/3 的耕层中，而不翻耕的再分配效应有限。将这种再分配效应纳入模型模拟中，导致在耕作后冬季向排水沟输送的农药最大浓度和总质量发生了很大变化（通常差异为 5-10 倍）。更剧烈的耕作会减少相对移动化合物（Koc≤1000ml/g）的后续淋溶，但会增加强吸附农药（Koc≥2000ml/g）的淋溶。
土壤耕作对农药残留的再分配效应会对随后向地下排水沟的输送产生很大影响。这一效应在文献中被忽视了。需要进行田间研究来验证这里提出的模型模拟，并且应该考虑是否需要将这一效应纳入风险评估程序。©2022 作者。Pest Management Science 由 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 代表化学工业协会出版。
