Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
Trends Mol Med. 2022 Dec;28(12):1100-1111. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.09.008. Epub 2022 Oct 7.
Aging leads to a gradual dysregulation of immune functions, one consequence of which is reduced vaccine efficacy. In this review, we discuss several key contributing factors to the age-related decline in vaccine efficacy, such as alterations within the lymph nodes where germinal center (GC) reactions take place, alterations in the B cell compartment, alterations in the T cell compartment, and dysregulation of innate immune pathways. Additionally, we discuss several methods currently used in vaccine development to bolster vaccine efficacy in older adults. This review highlights the multifactorial defects that impair vaccine responses with aging.
衰老是导致免疫功能逐渐失调的原因之一，其结果之一是疫苗效力降低。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了导致与年龄相关的疫苗效力下降的几个关键因素，例如发生生发中心 (GC) 反应的淋巴结内的改变、B 细胞区室的改变、T 细胞区室的改变以及先天免疫途径的失调。此外，我们还讨论了目前用于疫苗开发的几种方法，以增强老年人的疫苗效力。本综述强调了随着年龄增长而损害疫苗反应的多种因素缺陷。
