Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
J Control Release. 2022 Nov;351:1017-1037. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.004. Epub 2022 Oct 19.
Immunotherapy has emerged as a powerful strategy for liquid tumors to overcome the limitations of conventional cancer therapies. The nanomedical delivery system offers the possibility of enhancing cancer immunotherapy and expanding it to solid tumors. Here, we discuss the applications of medical nanoparticles to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. We first focus on nanomedical particles used in cancer immunotherapy to deliver peptide and mRNA vaccines to the lymph nodes; and the exosome-based therapeutic cancer vaccine. Next, we highlight the applications of nanomedicine in immune checkpoint therapy to prolong the therapeutic effects, enhance tumor-targeting ability, and overcome drug resistance. We also evaluate the roles of nanomedical particles in oncolytic viral treatment, enabling the systemic injection of viruses or oncolytic plasmids/oncotoxic proteins; and virus entry in a receptor-independency manner. Lastly, we focus on nanoparticles in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy to engineer CAR T cells, enhancing T cell proliferation and infiltration. We envision the nanomedical particles enhancing the therapeutic effects of immunotherapy and revolutionizing cancer therapy in the foreseeable future.
免疫疗法已成为克服传统癌症疗法局限性的有效策略，用于治疗液体肿瘤。纳米医学输送系统为增强癌症免疫疗法并将其扩展到实体瘤提供了可能。在这里，我们讨论了应用医疗纳米颗粒来提高免疫疗法的疗效。我们首先关注用于癌症免疫疗法的纳米医学颗粒，将肽和 mRNA 疫苗递送到淋巴结；以及基于外泌体的治疗性癌症疫苗。接下来，我们重点介绍了纳米医学在免疫检查点治疗中的应用，以延长治疗效果、增强肿瘤靶向能力和克服耐药性。我们还评估了纳米医学颗粒在溶瘤病毒治疗中的作用，使病毒或溶瘤质粒/细胞毒性蛋白能够全身注射；并以受体非依赖性的方式进入病毒。最后，我们关注嵌合抗原受体 (CAR) T 细胞疗法中的纳米颗粒，以工程化 CAR T 细胞，增强 T 细胞的增殖和浸润。我们设想纳米医学颗粒能够增强免疫疗法的治疗效果，并在可预见的未来彻底改变癌症治疗。
