Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jul 1;13:948647. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.948647. eCollection 2022.
As one of the most common forms of solid tumours, gastric carcinoma has been revealed as the third leading cause of death worldwide. The symptom of gastric cancer is usually not obvious and thus difficult to detect at earlier stages. Therefore, gastric cancer is already in the advanced stage once detected in patients, which has a poor prognosis due to ineffective therapies and multiple resistance. Recent advance in understanding the microenvironment of cancer has significantly promoted the development of immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. Immunotherapy can induce immune responses in gastric cancer patients thus leads to the destruction of cancer cells. In comparison of traditional therapy, immunotherapy has demonstrated robust efficacy and tolerable toxicity. Therefore, this novel strategy for treatment of advanced gastric cancer has gain increasingly popularity. In this review, we summarize recent progress of immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancer, such as immune check point inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, VEGF inhibitors, cancer vaccines and CAR-T cell therapy. We highlight immunotherapies involved in clinical applications and discuss the existing challenges of current immunotherapies and promising strategies to overcome these limitations.
作为最常见的实体肿瘤之一，胃癌已成为全球第三大致死原因。胃癌的症状通常不明显，因此早期很难发现。因此，一旦在患者中检测到胃癌，通常已经处于晚期，由于治疗效果不佳和多种耐药性，预后较差。近年来，对癌症微环境的认识的不断深入，极大地推动了晚期胃癌免疫治疗的发展。免疫疗法可以在胃癌患者中诱导免疫反应，从而导致癌细胞的破坏。与传统疗法相比，免疫疗法具有强大的疗效和可耐受的毒性。因此，这种治疗晚期胃癌的新策略越来越受到关注。在这篇综述中，我们总结了晚期胃癌免疫治疗的最新进展，如免疫检查点抑制剂、过继细胞疗法、VEGF 抑制剂、癌症疫苗和 CAR-T 细胞疗法。我们重点介绍了临床应用中涉及的免疫疗法，并讨论了当前免疫疗法存在的挑战和克服这些限制的有前途的策略。
