Department of Sport Biochemistry, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
PLoS One. 2022 Oct 12;17(10):e0275685. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275685. eCollection 2022.
To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of Chinese elite athletes about fluid replacement and urination.
A cross-section study was carried out among Chinese national and national youth teams from March to April 2020, using a pretested questionnaire. The 42-questions questionnaire was designed to assess the KAP regarding fluid replacement and urination. The questionnaire included knowledge of fluid replacement (KFR), attitudes of fluid replacement (AFR), knowledge of urination (KU), and attitudes of urination (AU), which were awarded 20 scoring points. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, Multiple linear stepwise regression and Chi-square test were performed.
A total of 779 valid questionnaires were collected and the effective rate is 98.4%. We finally conducted an assessment of 646 questionnaires of elite athletes. The mean score for KFR, AFR, KU, and AU was 2.8±1.3, 2.3±0.6, 3.0±1.5, and 2.1±0.8, respectively, with higher scores indicating positive hydration knowledge and attitudes. KFR and AFR scores of winter sports athletes were higher than those of summer sports athletes(P<0.05). Athletes who had lower athletic grades and training years had a worse KFR(P<0.05). Only 31.0% athletes knew that rehydration should be carried out before, during, and after training, which was scarcer among women, lower-athletic grades athletes, or athletes with lower training years (P<0.05). Male athletes had a worse KU but a better AU than female athletes(P<0.05). And athletes who were international-class athletic grades had the highest KU scores(P<0.05). The athletic grades and sport events were the main factors influencing the total scores of knowledge and attitudes (P<0.05, 95% CI -0.789--0.168,95% CI 0.025-1.040). Most of athletes tend to get hydration knowledge from internet. In practices, thirst is the main reason for rehydration (77.9%). The percentages of athletes with normal urine color (42.0%), frequency (75.0%,) and volume (20.0%) were low.
These findings indicate that Chinese elite athletes did not have sufficient KAP on fluid replacement and urination, more marked in the individuals who were summer sport events, the lower athletic grades and in lower training years. It is recommended that education should be provided in the early stages of professional training for athletes.
评估中国优秀运动员对液体补充和排尿的知识、态度和实践（KAP）。
2020 年 3 月至 4 月期间，采用预测试问卷对中国国家和国家青年队进行了横断面研究。该 42 个问题的问卷旨在评估液体补充和排尿方面的 KAP。问卷包括液体补充知识（KFR）、液体补充态度（AFR）、排尿知识（KU）和排尿态度（AU），每项得分 20 分。采用描述性统计、独立样本 t 检验、单因素方差分析、Pearson 相关分析、多元线性逐步回归和卡方检验进行分析。
共收集了 779 份有效问卷，有效率为 98.4%。我们最终对 646 名精英运动员的问卷进行了评估。KFR、AFR、KU 和 AU 的平均得分为 2.8±1.3、2.3±0.6、3.0±1.5 和 2.1±0.8，得分越高表示对水合作用的知识和态度越积极。冬季运动项目运动员的 KFR 和 AFR 得分高于夏季运动项目运动员（P<0.05）。运动等级和训练年限较低的运动员 KFR 较差（P<0.05）。只有 31.0%的运动员知道训练前、训练中和训练后都应该进行补液，女性、运动等级较低或训练年限较短的运动员中这一比例较低（P<0.05）。与女性运动员相比，男性运动员的 KU 较差，但 AU 较好（P<0.05）。国际级运动等级的运动员 KU 得分最高（P<0.05）。运动等级和运动项目是影响知识和态度总分的主要因素（P<0.05，95%CI-0.789-0.168，95%CI0.0251.040）。大多数运动员倾向于从互联网获取水合作用知识。在实践中，口渴是补液的主要原因（77.9%）。尿液颜色正常（42.0%）、频率正常（75.0%）和尿量正常（20.0%）的运动员比例较低。
这些发现表明，中国优秀运动员对液体补充和排尿的 KAP 不足，在夏季运动项目、运动等级较低和训练年限较短的运动员中更为明显。建议在运动员职业培训的早期阶段提供教育。
