Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022 Sep 1;93(9):681-687. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.6027.2022.
Physiological episodes are an issue in military aviation. Some non-pressure-related in-flight symptoms are proved to be due to hyperventilation rather than hypoxia. The aim of this study was to validate a new training method provoking hyperventilation during normobaric hypoxia (NH) training in an F/A-18 Hornet simulator. In a double-blind setting, 26 fighter pilots from the Finnish Air Force performed 2 setups in a WTSAT simulator in randomized order with full flight gear. Without the pilot's knowledge, 6% O₂ in nitrogen or 6% O₂ + 4% CO₂ in nitrogen was turned on. Ventilation (VE) was measured before, during, and after hypoxia. So₂ and ECG were monitored and symptoms documented. The subjects performed a tactical identification flight until they recognized symptoms of hypoxia. Thereafter, they performed hypoxia emergency procedures with 100% O₂ and returned to the base with a GPS malfunction and executed an instrument landing system (ILS) approach with the waterline HUD mode evaluated by the flight instructor on a scale of 1 to 5. Ventilation increased during normobaric hypoxia (NH) from 12 L · min to 19 L · min at So₂ 75% with 6% O₂, and from 12 L · min to 26 L · min at So₂ 77% with 6% O₂ + 4% CO₂. ILS flight performance was similar 10 min after combined hyperventilation and hypoxia (3.1 with 6% O₂ + 4% CO₂ and 3.2 with 6% O₂). No adverse effects were reported during the 24-h follow-up. Hyperventilation-provoking normobaric hypoxia training is a new and well-tolerated method to meet NATO Standardization Agreement hypoxia training requirements.
生理事件是军事航空中的一个问题。一些与压力无关的飞行中症状被证明是由于过度通气而不是缺氧引起的。本研究的目的是验证一种新的训练方法，即在 F/A-18 大黄蜂模拟器中在常压低氧 (NH) 训练期间引发过度通气。在一项双盲研究中，26 名来自芬兰空军的战斗机飞行员在 WTSAT 模拟器中穿着全套飞行装备，以随机顺序进行了 2 次设置。在飞行员不知情的情况下，氮气中的 6% O₂或氮气中的 6% O₂+4% CO₂被打开。在缺氧前、缺氧中和缺氧后测量通气量 (VE)。监测 So₂和 ECG 并记录症状。受试者进行战术识别飞行，直到他们识别出缺氧症状。然后，他们使用 100% O₂执行缺氧紧急程序，并在 GPS 故障的情况下返回基地，并使用水线 HUD 模式执行仪表着陆系统 (ILS) 进近，飞行教员在 1 到 5 的范围内进行评估。在 6% O₂时，常压低氧 (NH) 期间通气量从 12 L·min 增加到 19 L·min，So₂为 75%，而在 6% O₂+4% CO₂时，通气量从 12 L·min 增加到 26 L·min，So₂为 77%。在联合过度通气和缺氧后 10 分钟，ILS 飞行性能相似（6% O₂+4% CO₂时为 3.1，6% O₂时为 3.2）。在 24 小时随访期间未报告任何不良反应。引发过度通气的常压低氧训练是一种新的、耐受良好的方法，可以满足北约标准化协议的低氧训练要求。
