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运动单位放电的调制与等长收缩期间的肌束长度变化有关。

Modulations in motor unit discharge are related to changes in fascicle length during isometric contractions.

机构信息

Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, https://ror.org/03angcq70University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.

出版信息

J Appl Physiol (1985). 2022 Nov 1;133(5):1136-1148. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00758.2021. Epub 2022 Oct 13.

Abstract

The integration of electromyography (EMG) and ultrasound imaging has provided important information about the mechanisms of muscle activation and contraction. Unfortunately, conventional bipolar EMG does not allow an accurate assessment of the interplay between the neural drive received by muscles, changes in fascicle length and torque. We aimed to assess the relationship between modulations in tibialis anterior muscle (TA) motor unit (MU) discharge, fascicle length, and dorsiflexion torque using ultrasound-transparent high-density EMG electrodes. EMG and ultrasound images were recorded simultaneously from TA using a 32-electrode silicon matrix while performing isometric dorsiflexion contractions at two ankle joint positions (0° or 30° plantar flexion) and torques (20% or 40% of maximum). EMG signals were decomposed into MUs and changes in fascicle length were assessed with a fascicle-tracking algorithm. MU firings were converted into a cumulative spike train (CST) that was cross-correlated with torque (CST-torque) and fascicle length (CST-length). High cross-correlations were found for CST-length (0.60, range: 0.31-0.85) and CST-torque (0.71, range: 0.31-0.88). Cross-correlation delays revealed that the delay between CST-fascicle length (∼75 ms) was smaller than CST-torque (∼150 ms, < 0.001). These delays affected MU recruitment and de-recruitment thresholds since the fascicle length at which MUs were recruited and de-recruited was similar but MU recruitment-de-recruitment torque varied. This study demonstrates that changes in TA fascicle length are related to modulations in MU firing and dorsiflexion torque. These relationships allow assessment of the interplay between neural drive, muscle contraction and torque, enabling the time required to convert neural activity into movement to be quantified. By employing ultrasound-transparent high-density EMG electrodes, we show that modulations in tibialis anterior muscle motor unit discharge rate were related to both changes in fascicle length and resultant torque. These relationships permitted the quantification of the relative delays between fluctuations in neural drive, muscle contraction, and transfer of torque via the tendon during sustained isometric dorsiflexion contractions, providing information on the conversion of neural activity into muscle force during a contraction.

摘要

肌电图(EMG)与超声成像的结合为肌肉激活和收缩的机制提供了重要信息。然而,传统的双极 EMG 无法准确评估肌肉接收到的神经驱动、肌束长度变化和扭矩之间的相互作用。我们旨在使用透明超声的高密度 EMG 电极评估胫骨前肌(TA)运动单位(MU)放电、肌束长度和背屈扭矩变化之间的关系。在两个踝关节位置(0°或 30°跖屈)和扭矩(20%或 40%最大扭矩)下进行等长背屈收缩时,使用 32 电极硅矩阵同时记录 TA 的 EMG 和超声图像。EMG 信号被分解为 MU,并使用肌束跟踪算法评估肌束长度的变化。MU 放电被转换为累积尖峰序列(CST),该序列与扭矩(CST-扭矩)和肌束长度(CST-长度)进行互相关。发现 CST-长度(0.60,范围:0.31-0.85)和 CST-扭矩(0.71,范围:0.31-0.88)之间存在高度相关性。互相关延迟表明,CST-肌束长度之间的延迟(约 75ms)小于 CST-扭矩(约 150ms,<0.001)。这些延迟影响 MU 的募集和去募集阈值,因为募集和去募集 MU 的肌束长度相似,但 MU 的募集-去募集扭矩不同。本研究表明,TA 肌束长度的变化与 MU 放电和背屈扭矩的调制有关。这些关系允许评估神经驱动、肌肉收缩和扭矩之间的相互作用,从而量化将神经活动转换为运动所需的时间。通过使用透明超声的高密度 EMG 电极,我们表明胫骨前肌运动单位放电率的调制与肌束长度和产生的扭矩的变化有关。这些关系允许量化在持续等长背屈收缩期间,神经驱动、肌肉收缩和通过肌腱传递扭矩之间波动的相对延迟,提供了关于在收缩过程中神经活动转化为肌肉力的信息。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8506/9639771/8a11b39bfc9c/jappl-00758-2021r01.jpg

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