Thompson Sanjay, Ohlsson Henrik, Khoshnood Ardavan, Sundquist Jan, Sundquist Kristina
Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Sweden.
Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Sweden.
Health Place. 2022 Nov;78:102922. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102922. Epub 2022 Oct 10.
The association between neighbourhood crime and major depression (MD) has been described before but previous studies may be limited by biases in self-reported data and the use of homogenous study populations. Our study aimed to examine the association between neighbourhood crime and clinically diagnosed MD among the immigrant and non-immigrant populations in Sweden.
A retrospective cohort study was performed, which included non-immigrants and first- and second-generation immigrants residing in Sweden, who were born between 1960 and 1996. We used linked Swedish national registers, geospatial analysis and multilevel logistic regression models to examine the potential effect of neighbourhood crime on the odds of major depression between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2015.
Overall, individuals living in neighbourhoods with high levels of neighbourhood crime had higher odds of MD than those who did not. There was a significant interaction by immigrant status; the odds of MD among those with non-immigrant backgrounds were more strongly associated with increases in neighbourhood crime, after adjusting for potential confounders. Male and female immigrants born outside Sweden did not seem to be affected by increases in neighbourhood crime.
The apparent effect of increases in neighbourhood crime on the odds of MD seemed to differ between those of different immigrant statuses. Future research should aim to explore the possible mechanisms behind the differences in the rates of MD among the non-immigrant and immigrant populations in neighbourhoods with high crime.
邻里犯罪与重度抑郁症（MD）之间的关联此前已有描述，但先前的研究可能受到自我报告数据中的偏差以及研究人群同质性的限制。我们的研究旨在探讨瑞典移民和非移民人群中邻里犯罪与临床诊断的MD之间的关联。
进行了一项回顾性队列研究，纳入了1960年至1996年出生、居住在瑞典的非移民以及第一代和第二代移民。我们使用瑞典国家关联登记册、地理空间分析和多水平逻辑回归模型，来检验2012年1月1日至2015年12月31日期间邻里犯罪对重度抑郁症发病几率的潜在影响。
总体而言，生活在邻里犯罪率高的社区的个体患MD的几率高于那些生活在犯罪率低的社区的个体。移民身份存在显著的交互作用；在调整潜在混杂因素后，非移民背景个体患MD的几率与邻里犯罪增加的关联更为强烈。在瑞典境外出生的男性和女性移民似乎未受邻里犯罪增加的影响。
邻里犯罪增加对MD发病几率的明显影响在不同移民身份的个体中似乎有所不同。未来的研究应旨在探索高犯罪社区中非移民和移民人群MD发病率差异背后的可能机制。
