Tang L H, Xiong Y, Fang L, Bian C, Zhang Q
Civil Aviation Management Institute of China,Beijing 100102, China.
Qinhuangdao Airport Branch of Hebei Airport Management Group Co. Ltd, Qinhuangdao 066000, China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2022 Sep 20;40(9):668-673. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20201225-00717.
To investigate the occupational stress status of air traffic controllers (ATC) and analyze its influencing factors. By using cluster sampling method, 457 ATCs in an air traffic management bureau were selected as the investigation objects. The job content questionnaire (JCQ) and the effort reward imbalance questionnaire (ERI) were used to measure work requirements independent imbalance type and ERI type occupational stress separately and analyze the influencing factors. Of the 457 ATCs, 81.84% (374/457) ATGs had work requirements independent imbalance type of occupational stress and 84.46% (386/457) ATGs had ERI type occupational stress. Univariate analysis showed that the factors of marital status, degree of education, age, length of service, title, job post, family monthly income, views on regular training, occurrence of emergency or unsafe events in last month and monthly night shift frequency had various degrees of influence on the different factor scores of JCQ and ERI (<0.01) . Logistic regression analysis showed that the level of JCQ type occupational stress of ATCs with junior titles and probationers was higher than those of intermediate/senior titles (=0.000, 0.000) ; The ERI type occupational stress of probationers and junior titles ATCs was lower than those with intermediate/senior titles (=0.000) . The ERI and JCQ type occupational stress level of tower post ATCs was higher than that of other two job post ATCs (=0.001, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000) . The ATCs considering regular training had more disadvantages than advantages showed lower ERI type occupational stress level than those considering more advantages than disadvantages (=0.000) . The ERI type occupational stress level of ATCs who experienced emergency or unsafe events in last month was higher than those who didn't (=0.007) . A large proportion of ATCs had occupational stress. Management should adjust its policies and pay were attention to occupational stress of ATLs.
调查空中交通管制员（ATC）的职业压力状况并分析其影响因素。采用整群抽样方法，选取某空中交通管理局的457名空中交通管制员作为调查对象。分别使用工作内容问卷（JCQ）和努力回报失衡问卷（ERI）来测量工作需求独立失衡型和ERI型职业压力，并分析影响因素。在457名空中交通管制员中，81.84%（374/457）的空中交通管制员存在工作需求独立失衡型职业压力，84.46%（386/457）的空中交通管制员存在ERI型职业压力。单因素分析显示，婚姻状况、学历、年龄、工作年限、职称、工作岗位、家庭月收入、对定期培训的看法、上月是否发生紧急或不安全事件以及每月夜班频率等因素对JCQ和ERI的不同因子得分有不同程度的影响（<0.01）。Logistic回归分析显示，初级职称和见习期空中交通管制员的JCQ型职业压力水平高于中级/高级职称者（=0.000，0.000）；见习期和初级职称空中交通管制员的ERI型职业压力低于中级/高级职称者（=0.000）。塔台岗位空中交通管制员的ERI和JCQ型职业压力水平高于其他两个工作岗位的空中交通管制员（=0.001，0.000，0.000，0.000）。认为定期培训弊大于利的空中交通管制员的ERI型职业压力水平低于认为利大于弊的空中交通管制员（=0.000）。上月经历过紧急或不安全事件的空中交通管制员的ERI型职业压力水平高于未经历过的（=0.007）。很大一部分空中交通管制员存在职业压力。管理层应调整政策，关注空中交通管制员的职业压力。
