Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
DATS (Development and Advising in Traffic Safety) Research Group, INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Aug 28;21(1):1594. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11575-1.
The accumulated evidence has shown how professional drivers are, in psychosocial terms, among the most vulnerable workforces, and how their crashes (some of them preceded by stressful working conditions) constitute both an occupational and public health concern. However, there is a clear lack of validated tools for measuring stress and other key hazardous issues affecting transport workers, and most of the existing ones, frequently generic, do not fully consider the specific features that properly describe the work environment of professional driving. This study assessed the psychometric properties, convergent validity and consistency of two measures used for researching occupational stress among professional drivers: the Siegrist's ERI (Effort-Reward Imbalance Inventory) and Karasek's JCQ (Job Content Questionnaire).
We examined the data collected from 726 Spanish professional drivers. Analyses were performed using Structural Equation Models, thus obtaining basic psychometric properties of both measures and an optimized structure for the instruments, in addition to testing their convergent validity.
The results suggest that the abbreviated versions of ERI (10 items) and JCQ (20 items) have clear dimensional structures, high factorial weights, internal consistency and an improved fit to the task's dynamics and hazards, commonly faced by of professional drivers; a short set of items with low psychometrical adjustment was excluded, and the root structure of the questionnaires was kept.
This study supports the value and reliability of ERI-10 and JCQ-20 for measuring job stress among professional drivers. Also, there is a high consistency between both measures of stress, even though they belong to different theoretical conceptions of the phenomenon. In practical settings, these instruments can be useful for occupational researchers and practitioners studying stress-related issues from the perspective of human factors.
积累的证据表明，专业驾驶员在社会心理方面属于最脆弱的劳动力群体之一，他们的事故（其中一些是由紧张的工作条件引起的）既构成职业健康问题，也构成公共健康问题。然而，目前缺乏有效的工具来衡量影响交通工作者的压力和其他关键危险问题，而现有的大多数工具，通常是通用的，并没有充分考虑到能够正确描述专业驾驶工作环境的具体特征。本研究评估了用于研究职业压力的两种测量工具在专业驾驶员中的心理测量特性、收敛有效性和一致性：Siegrist 的 ERI（努力-回报失衡量表）和 Karasek 的 JCQ（工作内容问卷）。
我们检查了从 726 名西班牙专业驾驶员那里收集的数据。使用结构方程模型进行分析，从而获得了两种测量工具的基本心理测量特性和仪器的优化结构，此外还测试了它们的收敛有效性。
结果表明，ERI（10 项）和 JCQ（20 项）的缩写版本具有明确的维度结构、高因子权重、内部一致性以及对专业驾驶员普遍面临的任务动态和危险的改进拟合；排除了一组具有低心理测量调整的短项，并保留了问卷的根结构。
本研究支持 ERI-10 和 JCQ-20 用于测量专业驾驶员工作压力的价值和可靠性。此外，两种压力测量工具之间具有高度一致性，即使它们属于不同的压力现象理论概念。在实际环境中，这些工具对于从人为因素角度研究与压力相关问题的职业研究人员和从业者来说非常有用。
