You Zhiyuan, Lu Bigeng, Du Beibei, Liu Wei, Jiang Yong, Ruan Guangfa, Yang Nan
Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Zoololical Society of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610065, China.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Oct 7;12(19):2694. doi: 10.3390/ani12192694.
Clarifying the distribution pattern and overlapping relationship of sympatric relative species in the spatio-temporal niche is of great significance to the basic theory of community ecology and integrated management of multi-species habitats in the same landscape. In this study, based on a 9-year dataset (2012-2021) from 493 camera-trap sites in the Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve, we analyzed the habitat distributions and activity patterns of tufted deer () and sambar (). (1) Combined with 235 and 153 valid presence sites of tufted deer and sambar, the MaxEnt model was used to analyze the distribution of the two species based on 11 ecological factors. The distribution areas of the two species were 1038.40 km and 692.67 km, respectively, with an overlapping area of 656.67 km. Additionally, the overlap indexes Schoener's D (D) and Hellinger's-based I (I) were 0.703 and 0.930, respectively. (2) Based on 10,437 and 5203 independent captures of tufted deer and sambar, their daily activity rhythms were calculated by using the kernel density estimation. The results showed that the daily activity peak in the two species appeared at dawn and dusk; however, the activity peak in tufted deer at dawn and dusk was later and earlier than sambar, respectively. Our findings revealed the spatio-temporal niche relationship between tufted deer and sambar, contributing to a further understanding of the coexistence mechanism and providing scientific information for effective wild animal conservation in the reserve and other areas in the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
阐明同域近缘物种在时空生态位上的分布格局和重叠关系，对于群落生态学基础理论以及同一景观中多物种栖息地的综合管理具有重要意义。在本研究中，基于贡嘎山国家级自然保护区493个相机陷阱位点的9年数据集（2012 - 2021年），我们分析了毛冠鹿（）和水鹿（）的栖息地分布及活动模式。（1）结合毛冠鹿和水鹿的235个和153个有效出现位点，利用最大熵模型基于11个生态因子分析了这两个物种的分布。两个物种的分布面积分别为1038.40平方千米和692.67平方千米，重叠面积为656.67平方千米。此外，重叠指数Schoener's D（D）和基于Hellinger的I（I）分别为0.703和0.930。（2）基于毛冠鹿和水鹿的10437次和5203次独立捕获记录，利用核密度估计计算了它们的日活动节律。结果表明，两个物种的日活动高峰出现在黎明和黄昏；然而，毛冠鹿在黎明和黄昏的活动高峰分别比水鹿晚和早。我们的研究结果揭示了毛冠鹿和水鹿之间的时空生态位关系，有助于进一步理解共存机制，并为该保护区及青藏高原东南边缘其他地区的野生动物有效保护提供科学信息。
