Loubaki Lionel, Rouabhia Mahmoud, Zahrani Mohamed Al, Amri Abdullah Al, Semlali Abdelhabib
Héma-Québec, 1070, Avenue des Sciences-de-la-Vie, Québec, QC G1V 5C3, Canada.
Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Oct 8;14(19):4924. doi: 10.3390/cancers14194924.
Cannabinoids, the active components of cannabis exert palliative effects in cancer patients by preventing nausea, vomiting and pain as well as by stimulating appetite. Recent studies indicated that cannabinoids could be helpful in treating certain rare forms of cancer and other inflammatory diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of a cannabinoid mixture (CM) in oral cells. Thus, normal and cancer gingival cells were treated with different concentrations of CM to evaluate their proliferation by MTT assay, cytotoxicity by using LDH assay, colony formation with crystal violet and migration by the scratch method. In addition, apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, antioxidant level, DNA damage and the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) generated by proton pumps were measured by flow cytometry. Furthermore, deactivation of the key signaling pathways involved in cancer progression such as NF-κB, ERK1/2, p38, STAT1, STAT3, STAT5 was also evaluated by this technique. These outcomes indicate that CM, at a concentration higher than 0.1 µg/mL, provokes high cytotoxicity in Ca9-22 oral cancer cells but not in GMSM-K gingival normal cells. Apoptosis, autophagy, antioxidant levels and mitochondrial stress as well as DNA damage in oral cells were increased following exposure to low concentration (1 µg/mL). In addition, major signaling pathways that are involved such as MAPKase, STATs and NF-κB pathways were inhibited by CM as well as cell migration. Our results suggest that cannabinoids could potentially have a beneficial effect on oral cancer therapy.
大麻素是大麻的活性成分,通过预防恶心、呕吐和疼痛以及刺激食欲,对癌症患者发挥缓解作用。最近的研究表明,大麻素可能有助于治疗某些罕见类型的癌症和其他炎症性疾病。本研究的目的是调查一种大麻素混合物(CM)对口腔细胞的细胞毒性作用。因此,用不同浓度的CM处理正常和癌性牙龈细胞,通过MTT法评估其增殖,通过乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)测定法评估细胞毒性,用结晶紫进行集落形成实验,并用划痕法评估细胞迁移。此外,通过流式细胞术测量质子泵产生的细胞凋亡、自噬、氧化应激、抗氧化水平、DNA损伤和线粒体膜电位(ΔΨm)。此外,还通过该技术评估了参与癌症进展的关键信号通路如核因子κB(NF-κB)、细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)、p38、信号转导和转录激活因子1(STAT1)、信号转导和转录激活因子3(STAT3)、信号转导和转录激活因子5(STAT5)的失活情况。这些结果表明,浓度高于0.1μg/mL的CM对Ca9-22口腔癌细胞具有高细胞毒性,但对GMSM-K牙龈正常细胞无此作用。暴露于低浓度(1μg/mL)后,口腔细胞中的细胞凋亡、自噬、抗氧化水平和线粒体应激以及DNA损伤增加。此外,CM还抑制了丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPKase)、信号转导和转录激活因子(STATs)和NF-κB等主要信号通路以及细胞迁移。我们的结果表明,大麻素可能对口腔癌治疗具有有益作用。