Choque-Quispe David, Choque-Quispe Yudith, Ligarda-Samanez Carlos A, Peralta-Guevara Diego E, Solano-Reynoso Aydeé M, Ramos-Pacheco Betsy S, Taipe-Pardo Fredy, Martínez-Huamán Edgar L, Aguirre Landa John Peter, Agreda Cerna Henrry W, Loayza-Céspedes Julio C, Zamalloa-Puma Miluska M, Álvarez-López Genaro Julio, Zamalloa-Puma Alan, Moscoso-Moscoso Elibet, Quispe-Quispe Yadyra
Water Analysis and Control Research Laboratory, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru.
Department of Agroindustrial Engineering, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Sep 29;12(19):3421. doi: 10.3390/nano12193421.
The cellulose from agroindustrial waste can be treated and converted into nanocrystals or nanofibers. It could be used to produce biodegradable and edible films, contributing to the circular economy and being environmentally friendly. This research aimed to develop an edible film elaborated with activated cellulose nanocrystals, native potato starch, and glycerin. The activated cellulose nanocrystals were obtained by basic/acid digestion and esterification with citric acid from corn husks. The starch was extracted from the native potato cultivated at 3500 m of altitude. Four film formulations were elaborated with potato starch (2.6 to 4.4%), cellulose nanocrystals (0.0 to 0.12%), and glycerin (3.0 to 4.2%), by thermoforming at 60 °C. It was observed that the cellulose nanocrystals reported an average size of 676.0 nm. The films mainly present hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups that stabilize the polymeric matrix. It was observed that the addition of cellulose nanocrystals in the films significantly increased (p-value < 0.05) water activity (0.409 to 0.447), whiteness index (96.92 to 97.27), and organic carbon content. In opposition to gelatinization temperature (156.7 to 150.1 °C), transparency (6.69 to 6.17), resistance to traction (22.29 to 14.33 N/mm), and solubility in acidic, basic, ethanol, and water media decreased. However, no significant differences were observed in the thermal decomposition of the films evaluated through TGA analysis. The addition of cellulose nanocrystals in the films gives it good mechanical and thermal resistance qualities, with low solubility, making it a potential food-coating material.
来自农业工业废弃物的纤维素可以经过处理转化为纳米晶体或纳米纤维。它可用于生产可生物降解的可食用薄膜，有助于循环经济且环保。本研究旨在开发一种由活性纤维素纳米晶体、天然马铃薯淀粉和甘油制成的可食用薄膜。活性纤维素纳米晶体通过碱/酸消化以及用来自玉米壳的柠檬酸进行酯化反应获得。淀粉从海拔3500米处种植的天然马铃薯中提取。通过在60℃下热成型，用马铃薯淀粉（2.6%至4.4%）、纤维素纳米晶体（0.0%至0.12%）和甘油（3.0%至4.2%）制备了四种薄膜配方。观察到纤维素纳米晶体的平均尺寸为676.0纳米。这些薄膜主要含有羟基、羰基和羧基，它们稳定了聚合物基质。观察到在薄膜中添加纤维素纳米晶体显著提高了（p值<0.05）水分活度（0.409至0.447）、白度指数（96.92至97.27）和有机碳含量。与之相反，糊化温度（156.7至150.1℃）、透明度（6.69至6.17）、抗拉伸性（22.29至14.33N/mm）以及在酸性、碱性、乙醇和水介质中的溶解度降低。然而，通过热重分析（TGA）评估的薄膜热分解过程中未观察到显著差异。在薄膜中添加纤维素纳米晶体赋予其良好的机械和耐热性能，且溶解度低，使其成为一种潜在的食品涂层材料。
