Purnama Purba, Samsuri Muhammad, Iswaldi Ihsan
School of Applied STEM, Universitas Prasetiya Mulya, Tangerang 15339, Banten, Indonesia.
Vanadia Utama Science and Technology, PT Vanadia Utama, Jakarta 14470, Indonesia.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Sep 25;14(19):4009. doi: 10.3390/polym14194009.
This review covers the development of eco-friendly, bio-based materials based on polylactide (PLA) and cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs). As a biodegradable polymer, PLA is one of the promising materials to replace petroleum-based polymers. In the field of nanocomposites, CNWs offer many advantages; they are made from renewable resources and exhibit beneficial mechanical and thermal properties in combination with polymer matrix. A wide range of surface modifications has been done to improve the miscibility of CNW with the PLA homopolymer, which generally gives rise to hydrophobic properties. PLA-CNW nanocomposite materials are fully degradable and sustainable and also offer improved mechanical and thermal properties. Limitations pertaining to the miscibility of CNWs with PLA were solved through surface modification and chemical grafting on the CNW surfaces. Further development has been done by combining PLA-based material via stereocomplexation approaches in the presence of CNW particles, known as bio-stereo-nanocomposite PLA-CNW. The combination of stereocomplex crystalline structures in the presence of well-distributed CNW particles produces synergetic effects that enhance the mechanical and thermal properties, including stereocomplex memory (melt stability). The bio-based materials from PLA and CNWs may serve as eco-friendly materials owing to their sustainability (obtained from renewable resources), biodegradability, and tunability properties.
本综述涵盖了基于聚乳酸（PLA）和纤维素纳米晶须（CNW）的环保型生物基材料的发展。作为一种可生物降解的聚合物，PLA是有望替代石油基聚合物的材料之一。在纳米复合材料领域，CNW具有许多优势；它们由可再生资源制成，与聚合物基体结合时展现出有益的机械和热性能。人们已经进行了广泛的表面改性，以提高CNW与PLA均聚物的相容性，而PLA均聚物通常具有疏水性。PLA-CNW纳米复合材料是完全可降解且可持续的，同时还具有改善的机械和热性能。通过表面改性和在CNW表面进行化学接枝，解决了CNW与PLA相容性方面的限制。通过在CNW颗粒存在下采用立体复合方法将基于PLA的材料结合起来，进一步实现了材料的发展，即所谓的生物立体纳米复合PLA-CNW。在分布良好的CNW颗粒存在下，立体复合晶体结构的结合产生协同效应，增强了机械和热性能，包括立体复合记忆（熔体稳定性）。由于其可持续性（源自可再生资源）、生物可降解性和可调性，由PLA和CNW制成的生物基材料可作为环保材料。
