Wei Zi-Han, Li Qiu-Yue, Liang Ci-Juan, Liu Hong-Zhi
Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.
Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.
Front Psychol. 2022 Sep 27;13:937366. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.937366. eCollection 2022.
According to the dual-system theories, the decisions in an ultimatum game (UG) are governed by the automatic System 1 and the controlled System 2. The former drives the preference for fairness, whereas the latter drives the self-interest motive. However, the association between the contributions of the two systems in UG and the cognitive process needs more direct evidence. In the present study, we used the process dissociation procedure to estimate the contributions of the two systems and recorded participants eye movements to examine the cognitive processes underlying UG decisions. Results showed that the estimated contributions of the two systems are uncorrelated and that they demonstrate a dissociated pattern of associations with third variables, such as reaction time (RT) and mean fixation duration (MFD). Furthermore, the relative time advantage (RTA) and the transitions between the two payoffs can predict the final UG decisions. Our findings provide evidence for the independent contributions of preference for fairness (System 1) and self-interest maximizing (System 2) inclinations to UG and shed light on the underlying processes.
根据双系统理论，最后通牒博弈（UG）中的决策由自动的系统1和受控制的系统2支配。前者驱动对公平的偏好，而后者驱动自利动机。然而，双系统在UG中的贡献与认知过程之间的关联需要更直接的证据。在本研究中，我们使用过程分离程序来估计两个系统的贡献，并记录参与者的眼动以检查UG决策背后的认知过程。结果表明，两个系统的估计贡献不相关，并且它们与反应时间（RT）和平均注视持续时间（MFD）等第三变量呈现出分离的关联模式。此外，相对时间优势（RTA）和两种收益之间的转换可以预测最终的UG决策。我们的研究结果为公平偏好（系统1）和自利最大化（系统2）倾向对UG的独立贡献提供了证据，并揭示了潜在过程。
