Yücel Ümüş Özbey, Çalış Aliye Gamze
Department of Nutrition and Diet, Faculty of Health Sciences, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey.
Department of Chest Disease, Alanya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
J Asthma. 2023 Jun;60(6):1183-1190. doi: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2137038. Epub 2022 Nov 8.
Although obesity is known to have adverse effects on asthma, it is not fully known whether general or abdominal obesity affects asthma symptoms more. In this study, the effects of diet and general/abdominal obesity on respiratory functions were evaluated.
A total of 204 adult asthmatic individuals participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements, respiratory functions, asthma control test (ACT) scores, and 24-hour food consumption were recorded. The results were compared according to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) classification.
FEV, FVC, MEF, MEF, and MEF decreased with the increase in BMI, WC, and WHR. FEV showed a negative linear relationship with BMI, WC and WHR and these results were more significant in WC and WHR than BMI. Similarly, the ACT score also showed a negative correlation with BMI (r = -0.372; = 0.023), WC (r = -0.402; = 0.001) and WHR (r = -0.387; = 0.011), and the results were more significant in WC and WHR than BMI. Individuals whose WC (OR: 2.170 CI (1.325-3.182)) and WHR (OR: 2.119 CI (1.246-3.338)) were at risk had higher odds of uncontrolled asthma than those with normal WC and WHR. Each 100-kcal increase in total energy consumption increased the odds of uncontrolled asthma (OR: 1.125 CI (1.086-2.217)) ( < 0.05).
The effects of WC and WHR, which are indicators of abdominal obesity, on respiratory functions and ACT score, were found to be higher than BMI. Obese individuals should be referred to diet clinics to improve their asthma symptoms.
尽管已知肥胖对哮喘有不良影响，但尚不完全清楚全身性肥胖或腹型肥胖对哮喘症状的影响是否更大。在本研究中，评估了饮食以及全身性/腹型肥胖对呼吸功能的影响。
共有204名成年哮喘患者参与了本研究。记录了人体测量数据、呼吸功能、哮喘控制测试（ACT）分数以及24小时食物摄入量。根据体重指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）和腰臀比（WHR）分类对结果进行了比较。
随着BMI、WC和WHR的增加，第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV）、用力肺活量（FVC）、最大呼气中期流速（MMEF）25%~75%、MMEF50%和MMEF75%均下降。FEV与BMI、WC和WHR呈负线性关系，且这些结果在WC和WHR中比在BMI中更显著。同样，ACT分数也与BMI（r = -0.372；P = 0.023）、WC（r = -0.402；P = 0.001）和WHR（r = -0.387；P = 0.011）呈负相关，且结果在WC和WHR中比在BMI中更显著。WC（比值比：2.170，95%置信区间（1.325 - 3.182））和WHR（比值比：2.119，95%置信区间（1.246 - 3.338））处于风险水平的个体，其哮喘控制不佳的几率高于WC和WHR正常的个体。总能量消耗每增加100千卡，哮喘控制不佳的几率就增加（比值比：1.125，95%置信区间（1.086 - 2.217））（P < 0.05）。
发现腹型肥胖指标WC和WHR对呼吸功能和ACT分数的影响高于BMI。肥胖个体应转诊至饮食诊所以改善其哮喘症状。
