Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation improves biomechanical properties of vaginal tissue following full-thickness incision in aged rats.

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is common among post-menopausal women and is associated with bladder, bowel, and sexual dysfunction. Surgical repair with the patients' native tissues is sub-optimal with high reoperation rates, potentially due to diminished age-related healing. We demonstrate that systemic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improves healing of full-thickness vaginal incision in the vaginal wall of old rats, as suggested by both histological and functional analysis. Transplanted MSCs homed and survived at the surgical vaginal site. Attenuation of the injury-induced inflammatory response, increased angiogenesis, and reduced matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression were observed at the surgical site of transplanted rats. Most importantly, the functional biomechanical properties of the healed vagina, at day 30 post-injury, were improved in MSC-transplanted, compared with sham-operated non-transplanted, old rats. These results may pave the way to further translational studies toward clinical transplantation of MSCs adjuvant to POP repair for the improvement of surgical outcome.