School of Marine Sciences, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, China.
School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
Chemosphere. 2023 Jan;310:136780. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136780. Epub 2022 Oct 11.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) levels in Indo-Pacific finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), near the most economically developed region in China, have not been characterized. We measured the hepatic concentrations of twelve PFASs, including nine perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and three perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) in the finless porpoises (n = 21) collected from the PRE between 2007 and 2020. The average level of PFSAs was more than 2-times higher than that of PFCAs. The order of six dominant PFASs was perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) > perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA) > perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) > perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) > perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) > perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA). The levels of Hepatic PFOS of 29% samples exceeded the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) values. The concentration of PFASs in males was significant higher than in females. PFASs levels were significantly negatively correlated with body length in males and positively correlated in females. PFASs levels in the PRE finless porpoises were lower than in humpback dolphins possibly due to different foraging habitat toward the coast and the consumption of less fish. PFCAs levels in finless porpoises from the western PRE were higher compared to Hong Kong, possibly due to the high-intensity sources of terrestrial anthropogenic pollutants. Significant increasing spatiotemporal trends of PFSAs, PFCAs and PFASs were found in finless porpoises from 2007 to 2020, suggesting a continuously increased risk of PFASs exposure for PRE cetaceans in the last decade.
珠江口（PRE）中华南海豚（Neophocaena phocaenoides）体内的全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）水平尚未确定，珠江口位于中国经济最发达的地区附近。本研究于 2007 年至 2020 年期间采集了 PRE 地区的 21 头中华南海豚，测量了其肝脏中 12 种 PFASs 的浓度，包括 9 种全氟羧酸（PFCAs）和 3 种全氟烷磺酸（PFSAs）。PFSAs 的平均水平高于 PFCAs 的两倍。6 种主要 PFASs 的顺序为全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）>全氟十一烷酸（PFUdA）>全氟癸酸（PFDA）>全氟十三烷酸（PFTrDA）>全氟壬酸（PFNA）>全氟十二烷酸（PFDoDA）。29%的样本肝脏中 PFOS 的含量超过了无观察到不良影响水平（NOAEL）值。雄性体内的 PFASs 浓度显著高于雌性。雄性的 PFASs 浓度与体长呈显著负相关，而雌性的 PFASs 浓度与体长呈显著正相关。PRE 中华南海豚体内的 PFASs 水平低于驼背豚，可能是因为它们的觅食栖息地不同，以及食用的鱼类较少。与香港相比，来自 PRE 西部的中华南海豚体内的 PFCAs 水平较高，这可能是由于陆地人为污染物高强度源的存在。本研究发现，2007 年至 2020 年间，中华南海豚体内的 PFSAs、PFCAs 和 PFASs 水平呈显著的时空递增趋势，这表明在过去十年中，PRE 鲸类动物面临的 PFASs 暴露风险持续增加。
