Fastner Jutta, Teikari Jonna, Hoffmann Anja, Köhler Antje, Hoppe Sebastian, Dittmann Elke, Welker Martin
German Environment Agency, Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany.
Dept. of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Feb 1;858(Pt 1):159433. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159433. Epub 2022 Oct 14.
Fatal dog poisoning after uptake of neurotoxic cyanobacteria associated with aquatic macrophytes in Tegeler See (Berlin, Germany) raised concerns about critical exposure of humans, especially children, to cyanotoxins produced by macrophyte associated cyanobacteria during recreational activity. From 2017 to 2021 a total of 398 samples of macrophytes washed ashore at bathing sites located at 19 Berlin lakes were analysed for anatoxins, microcystins, and cylindrospermopsins, as were 463 water samples taken in direct proximity to macrophyte accumulations. Cyanotoxins were detected in 66 % of macrophyte samples and 50 % of water samples, with anatoxins being the most frequently detected toxin group in macrophyte samples (58 %) and cylindrospermopsins in water samples (41 %). Microcoleus sp. associated with the water moss Fontinalis antipyretica was identified as anatoxin producing cyanobacterium in isolated strains as well as in field samples from Tegeler See. Anatoxin contents in macrophyte samples rarely exceeded 1 μg/g macrophyte fresh weight and peaked at 9. 2 μg/g f.w. Based on established toxicological points of departure, a critical anatoxin content of macrophyte samples of 3 μg/g f.w. is proposed. Five samples, all taken in Tegeler See and all associated with the water moss Fontinalis antipyretica, exceeded this value. Contents and concentrations of microcystins and cylindrospermopsins did not reach critical levels. The potential exposure risks to anatoxins for children and dogs are assessed and recommendations are given.
在德国柏林的泰格尔湖，与水生大型植物相关的神经毒性蓝藻导致犬类中毒死亡，这引发了人们对人类尤其是儿童在娱乐活动中接触大型植物相关蓝藻产生的蓝藻毒素的严重担忧。2017年至2021年期间，对柏林19个湖泊浴场冲上岸的398份大型植物样本进行了分析，检测其中的类毒素、微囊藻毒素和柱孢藻毒素，同时对大型植物聚集区附近采集的463份水样也进行了分析。在66%的大型植物样本和50%的水样中检测到了蓝藻毒素，其中类毒素是大型植物样本中最常检测到的毒素类别（58%），而柱孢藻毒素是水样中最常检测到的毒素（41%）。与水生苔藓Fontinalis antipyretica相关的Microcoleus sp.在分离菌株以及泰格尔湖的野外样本中被鉴定为产生类毒素的蓝藻。大型植物样本中的类毒素含量很少超过1微克/克大型植物鲜重，峰值为9.2微克/克鲜重。基于既定的毒理学起始点，建议大型植物样本的临界类毒素含量为3微克/克鲜重。在泰格尔湖采集的5份样本均与水生苔藓Fontinalis antipyretica相关，均超过了该值。微囊藻毒素和柱孢藻毒素的含量和浓度未达到临界水平。评估了儿童和犬类接触类毒素的潜在风险并给出了建议。
