Laine T, Linnasalo A L, Jaroma M
J Commun Disord. 1987 Aug;20(4):327-38. doi: 10.1016/0021-9924(87)90014-1.
A group of Finnish-speaking students (n = 451) was examined clinically to study occurrence of articulatory disorders in speech, controlling for the possible effects of age, sex, and previous speech therapy. Distortions of the /s/ sound were found in 16%, of the /r/ sound in 3%, and of the /l/, /n/, or /d/ sounds in about 1% of the subjects; the rarest faultily produced sounds were usually combined with other articulatory disorders. According to fitted log-linear functions, age and sex were not related to prevalence of articulatory disorders in speech among young adults, while there was a tendency for subjects with previous speech therapy to have higher frequencies of articulatory disorders of /s/ and /r/ sounds than subjects with no such treatment, suggesting that exclusion of the treated subjects would have resulted in too low a prevalence of articulatory disorders in the sample.
对一组说芬兰语的学生(n = 451)进行了临床检查,以研究言语中发音障碍的发生率,并控制年龄、性别和先前言语治疗可能产生的影响。在16%的受试者中发现了/s/音的扭曲,3%的受试者中发现了/r/音的扭曲,约1%的受试者中发现了/l/、/n/或/d/音的扭曲;最罕见的发音错误通常与其他发音障碍同时出现。根据拟合的对数线性函数,年龄和性别与年轻人言语中发音障碍的患病率无关,而接受过先前言语治疗的受试者出现/s/和/r/音发音障碍的频率往往高于未接受过此类治疗的受试者,这表明排除接受过治疗的受试者会导致样本中发音障碍的患病率过低。