Rodriguez-Algaba Julian, Hovmøller Mogens S, Schulz Philipp, Hansen Jens G, Lezáun Juan Antonio, Joaquim Jessica, Randazzo Biagio, Czembor Paweł, Zemeca Liga, Slikova Svetlana, Hanzalová Alena, Holdgate Sarah, Wilderspin Sarah, Mascher Fabio, Suffert Frederic, Leconte Marc, Flath Kerstin, Justesen Annemarie F
Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark.
Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Plant Protection in Field Crops and Grassland, Kleinmachnow, Germany.
Front Genet. 2022 Sep 27;13:988031. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.988031. eCollection 2022.
The increased emergence of cereal stem rust in southern and western Europe, caused by the pathogen , and the prevalence of alternate (sexual) host, species, have regained attention as the sexual host may serve as source of novel pathogen variability that may pose a threat to cereal supply. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the functional role of species in the current epidemiological situation of cereal stem rust in Europe. Surveys in 11 European countries were carried out from 2018 to 2020, where aecial infections from five barberry species were collected. Phylogenetic analysis of 121 single aecial clusters of diverse origin using the elongation factor 1-α gene indicated the presence of different special forms (aka ) of adapted to different cereal and grass species. Inoculation studies using aecial clusters from Spain, United Kingdom, and Switzerland resulted in 533 stem rust isolates sampled from wheat, barley, rye, and oat, which confirmed the presence of multiple special forms of . Microsatellite marker analysis of a subset of 192 sexually-derived isolates recovered on wheat, barley and rye from the three populations confirmed the generation of novel genetic diversity revealed by the detection of 135 multilocus genotypes. Discriminant analysis of principal components resulted in four genetic clusters, which grouped at both local and country level. Here, we demonstrated that a variety of species may serve as functional alternate hosts for cereal stem rust fungi and highlights the increased risks that the sexual cycle may pose to cereal production in Europe, which calls for new initiatives within rust surveillance, epidemiological research and resistance breeding.
由该病原体引起的谷物秆锈病在南欧和西欧出现频率增加，以及转主（有性）寄主物种的普遍存在，重新引起了人们的关注，因为有性寄主可能成为新病原体变异的来源，这可能对谷物供应构成威胁。本研究的主要目的是调查该物种在欧洲当前谷物秆锈病流行情况中的功能作用。2018年至2020年在11个欧洲国家开展了调查，收集了来自五种伏牛花属植物的春孢子器感染样本。使用延伸因子1-α基因对121个不同来源的单个春孢子器簇进行系统发育分析，结果表明存在适应不同谷物和禾本科植物的不同专化型（又名）。使用来自西班牙、英国和瑞士的春孢子器簇进行接种研究，从小麦、大麦、黑麦和燕麦中采集了533个秆锈菌分离株，证实了存在多种专化型。对从这三个群体的小麦、大麦和黑麦上获得的192个有性衍生分离株的一个子集进行微卫星标记分析，通过检测135个多位点基因型证实了新遗传多样性的产生。主成分判别分析产生了四个遗传簇，它们在地方和国家层面都有分组。在这里，我们证明了多种伏牛花属物种可能作为谷物秆锈菌的功能性转主寄主，并强调了有性循环可能给欧洲谷物生产带来的风险增加，这就需要在锈病监测、流行病学研究和抗性育种方面采取新的举措。
