Mallery Suzanne T, Mallery Paul
Department of Psychology, La Sierra University, Riverside, CA, United States.
Front Psychol. 2022 Sep 28;13:975160. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.975160. eCollection 2022.
James Fowler's model of faith development conceptualized "faith" as the quest for and maintenance of meaning oriented around centers of value which may or may not be religious or spiritual in nature. Although this model foreshadowed later work in meaning in life, substantial bodies of literature have developed in each area, almost entirely independently of the other. Integration has been hindered by measurement difficulties in faith development work. Fowler's stages of faith development and their reformulation as Streib's religious styles are usually measured through either a lengthy Faith Development Interview or short measures that do not assess the breadth of domains covered in the interview. These short measures are in many cases oriented around religious faith and impossible for a non-believer to answer. Embedded within the original model and the interview are aspects of faith development including perspective taking, social horizon, morality, locus of authority, form of world coherence, and symbolic function. A new Centers of Value and Quest for Meaning Scale is proposed to assess the aspects, allow non-believers to respond, tap centers of value that are not religious, and eventually address the theoretical assumption of structural wholeness across aspects. In a series of exploratory factor analyses, factors for each adult stage/style emerged for most of the aspects. This supports the potential importance of assessing the aspects and allows for more than one methodology to assess them.
詹姆斯·福勒的信仰发展模型将“信仰”概念化为围绕价值中心对意义的追求与维系，这些价值中心在本质上可能是宗教性或精神性的，也可能不是。尽管该模型预示了后来关于生命意义的研究，但每个领域都发展出了大量文献，且几乎完全相互独立。信仰发展研究中的测量难题阻碍了两者的整合。福勒的信仰发展阶段及其被重新表述为施特赖布的宗教风格，通常是通过冗长的信仰发展访谈或无法评估访谈所涵盖领域广度的简短测量来进行衡量。这些简短测量在很多情况下以宗教信仰为导向，非信徒无法作答。原始模型和访谈中包含了信仰发展的多个方面，包括观点采择、社会视野、道德、权威来源、世界连贯形式和象征功能。本文提出了一个新的价值中心与意义追求量表，以评估这些方面，使非信徒能够作答，挖掘非宗教性的价值中心，并最终解决各方面结构整体性的理论假设问题。在一系列探索性因素分析中，多数方面都出现了适用于每个成人阶段/风格的因素。这支持了评估这些方面的潜在重要性，并允许采用多种方法来进行评估。
