Sanclemente Francisco J, Gamero Nuria, Arenas Alicia, Medina Francisco J
Department of Social Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2022 Sep 29;13:950908. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.950908. eCollection 2022.
Related to the research of working conditions, the link between organizational factors and health was traditionally analyzed using linear models. However, the literature analysis suggests inconsistencies in linear models predicting workers' health levels. To clarify this issue, this exploratory research compares the linear and non-linear relationships between job demands-resources (task complexity, time pressure, contact with users, and job autonomy), and the psychological and physical symptoms of employees working in the main five service subsectors: commerce, horeca (hotels, restaurants, and cafés), public administration, education, and healthcare. With a final sample of 4,047 participants, our study data were extracted from the II Andalusian Working Conditions Survey. Following the theoretical framework of JD-R Model and considering the Vitamin Model theoretical approach for non-linear relationships, our results showed that there were significant differences among the five subsectors analyzed regarding the linear and non-linear relationships between job demands-resources and psychological and physical symptoms of employees. Furthermore, task complexity generated non-linear relationships in higher proportion than time pressure and contact with users. Likewise, non-linear relationships found showed a U-shape. Moreover, the findings of non-linear relationships suggested that medium levels of task complexity should not be exceeded to avoid further negative impact on psychological and physical symptoms for service sector employees, preserving their health. Finally, some general practical implications of work environment interventions are suggested.
与工作条件研究相关的是，组织因素与健康之间的联系传统上是使用线性模型进行分析的。然而，文献分析表明，在预测工人健康水平的线性模型中存在不一致之处。为了澄清这个问题，这项探索性研究比较了工作需求-资源（任务复杂性、时间压力、与用户的接触以及工作自主性）与主要五个服务子部门（商业、餐饮酒店业（酒店、餐厅和咖啡馆）、公共管理、教育和医疗保健）员工的心理和身体症状之间的线性和非线性关系。我们的研究数据来自安达卢西亚第二次工作条件调查，最终样本为4047名参与者。遵循工作需求-资源模型（JD-R Model）的理论框架，并考虑到非线性关系的维生素模型理论方法，我们的结果表明，在所分析的五个子部门中，工作需求-资源与员工心理和身体症状之间的线性和非线性关系存在显著差异。此外，任务复杂性产生非线性关系的比例高于时间压力和与用户的接触。同样，发现的非线性关系呈U形。此外，非线性关系的研究结果表明，不应超过中等水平的任务复杂性，以避免对服务业员工的心理和身体症状产生进一步的负面影响，从而维护他们的健康。最后，提出了一些工作环境干预的一般实际意义。
