Center on Sex*Gender, Allostasis, and Resilience, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Center for Studies on Human Stress, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
Center on Sex*Gender, Allostasis, and Resilience, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
J Psychosom Res. 2021 Mar;142:110352. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110352. Epub 2020 Dec 31.
Gendered inequalities in workplace stress are linked to sex-specific health trajectories that are poorly understood. Measuring gendered inequalities is challenging but necessary to better explain individual differences in occupational health. The aim of this exploratory, retrospective study was to create a measure of occupational gender-roles and use structural equation models to investigate pathways linking layers of gendered factors to workplace stress, allostatic load, and mental health in a sample of psychiatric hospital workers (N = 192).
Individual-level gender-roles were measured with the Bem Sex-Role Inventory Short-Form. Occupational gender-roles were measured using a novel web-based survey approach. Sex-specific allostatic load indices were constructed using 23 biomarkers (e.g., neuroendocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and metabolic). Workplace stress was assessed using the Job Content Questionnaire and the Effort-Reward at Work Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II, burnout symptoms with the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey, and trauma symptoms with the PTSD Civilian Checklist.
Individual-level masculine gender-roles were positively associated with psychological demands (R = 0.103) and social support (R = 0.078). Masculine and feminine occupational gender-roles were positively associated with decisional latitude (R = 0.157) and effort-reward ratio (R = 0.058). Both individual masculine and feminine gender-roles had protective effects on depressive symptoms (R = 0.289) and burnout symptoms (R = 0.306) but only individual masculine gender-roles had protective effects on trauma symptoms (R = 0.198). We found no association between occupational gender-roles and mental health and allostatic load.
Beyond individual gender-roles, our study shows the utility of measuring occupational gender-roles to delineate associations between workplace stressors and mental health that should be applied in future studies of sex differences in occupational health.
工作场所压力中的性别不平等与性别特异性健康轨迹有关，而这些健康轨迹尚未得到充分理解。衡量性别不平等具有挑战性，但对于更好地解释职业健康方面的个体差异是必要的。本探索性回顾性研究的目的是创建一种职业性别角色衡量标准，并使用结构方程模型来研究性别因素的各个层面与工作场所压力、全身适应综合征和心理健康之间的关联路径，该研究的样本为精神科医院工作人员（N=192）。
使用 Bem 性别角色量表短式问卷测量个体层面的性别角色。使用新的基于网络的调查方法测量职业性别角色。使用 23 种生物标志物（例如神经内分泌、免疫、心血管和代谢）构建特定性别全身适应综合征指数。使用工作内容问卷和工作投入-回报问卷评估工作场所压力。使用贝克抑郁量表第二版评估抑郁症状，使用马斯拉奇职业倦怠量表-一般调查评估倦怠症状，使用创伤后应激障碍平民清单评估创伤症状。
个体层面的男性化性别角色与心理需求（R=0.103）和社会支持（R=0.078）呈正相关。男性化和女性化职业性别角色与决策自由度（R=0.157）和努力-回报比值（R=0.058）呈正相关。个体的男性化和女性化性别角色均对抑郁症状（R=0.289）和倦怠症状（R=0.306）具有保护作用，但只有个体的男性化性别角色对创伤症状（R=0.198）具有保护作用。我们没有发现职业性别角色与心理健康和全身适应综合征之间存在关联。
除了个体性别角色外，我们的研究还表明，衡量职业性别角色对于阐明工作场所压力源与心理健康之间的关联具有实用价值，这应该应用于职业健康中性别差异的未来研究。
