Salgado Daniele, Mariluz Bertha R, Araujo Maysa, Lorena Jamily, Perez Louise N, Ribeiro Rafaela de L, Sousa Josane de F, Schneider Patricia N
Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.
Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
Front Neurosci. 2022 Sep 29;16:995469. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.995469. eCollection 2022.
The development of the vertebrate eye is a complex process orchestrated by several conserved transcriptional and signaling regulators. Aside from partial or complete loss, examples of exceptional modifications to this intricate organ are scarce. The unique eye of the four-eyed fish is composed of duplicated corneas and pupils, as well as specialized retina regions associated with simultaneous aerial and aquatic vision. In a previous transcriptomic study of the developing eye we identified expression of twenty non-visual and eleven visual opsin genes. Here, we surveyed the expression territories of three non-visual melanopsins genes (××), one teleost multiple tissue opsin () and two visual opsins () in dorsal and ventral retinas. Our data showed that asymmetry of non-visual opsin expression is only established after birth. During embryonic development, while inside pregnant females, the expression of ××, and spans the whole retina. In juvenile fish (post birth), the expression of ××, and genes becomes restricted to the ventral retina, which receives aerial light. Raising juvenile fish in clear water instead of the murky waters found in its natural habitat is sufficient to change gene expression territories of ××, , and , demonstrating that different lighting conditions can shift opsin expression and potentially contribute to changes in spectral sensitivity in the four eyed fish.
脊椎动物眼睛的发育是一个由多种保守的转录和信号调节因子精心编排的复杂过程。除了部分或完全丧失功能外，对这个复杂器官进行特殊修饰的例子很少见。四眼鱼独特的眼睛由重复的角膜和瞳孔组成，还有与同时进行空气和水生视觉相关的特殊视网膜区域。在之前对发育中眼睛的转录组学研究中，我们鉴定出了20个非视觉视蛋白基因和11个视觉视蛋白基因的表达。在这里，我们研究了三种非视觉黑视蛋白基因（××）、一种硬骨鱼多组织视蛋白（）和两种视觉视蛋白（）在背侧和腹侧视网膜中的表达区域。我们的数据表明，非视觉视蛋白表达的不对称性在出生后才确立。在胚胎发育期间，在怀孕母体内时，××、和的表达遍布整个视网膜。在幼鱼（出生后）中，××、和基因的表达局限于接收空气光线的腹侧视网膜。将幼鱼饲养在清澈的水中而不是其自然栖息地中发现的浑浊水域中，足以改变××、和的基因表达区域，这表明不同的光照条件可以改变视蛋白的表达，并可能导致四眼鱼光谱敏感性的变化。
