Azeez Shadan Shukur, Işık Andsoy Işıl
Department of Nursing, Karabük University Faculty of Health Sciences, Karabük, Turkey.
Eur J Breast Health. 2022 Oct 1;18(4):329-335. doi: 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2022.2022-5-6. eCollection 2022 Oct.
Little is known about Iraqi women's practice towards breast cancer screening (BCS), breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammography, and the influence of Arab culture. The aim of this study was to assess women's behavior towards BCS, and to explain the influence of specific Arab culture barriers.
This descriptive study was carried out with 1,066 women. Three structured questionnaires were used in the data collection. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were used for data evaluation.
Many Iraqi women did not practice regular BSE, CBE, and mammography. The most common reason was "not having a breast complaint". Specific Arab cultural barriers such as exposure [odds ratio (OR) = 0.545; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.440 to 0.674; <0.001], environment (OR = 0.571; 95% CI = 0.464 to 0.703; <0.001) and uneasiness barriers (OR = 0.736; 95% CI = 0.557 to 0.974; p=0.032) were predictors for BSE while exposure (OR = 0.553; 95% CI = 0.447 to 0.684; <0.001), and environment barriers (OR = 0.585; 95% CI = 0.474 to 0.772; <0.001) was predictor for CBE. Additionally, exposure (OR = 0.324; 95% CI = 0.251 to 0.419; <0.001), environment (OR = 0.636; 95% CI = 0.500 to 0.809; <0.001), and uneasiness barriers (OR = 0.644; 95% CI = 0.464 to 0.893; = 0.008) were predictors for mammography screening of Iraqi women.
Arab specific cultural barriers may be one of the key obstacles to BSC uptake in Iraq. Health education, including cultural education, may have the potential to increase BCS awareness and down-staging of the disease at presentation.
对于伊拉克女性在乳腺癌筛查（BCS）、乳房自我检查（BSE）、临床乳房检查（CBE）和乳房X光检查方面的做法以及阿拉伯文化的影响，人们了解甚少。本研究的目的是评估女性对BCS的行为，并解释特定阿拉伯文化障碍的影响。
本描述性研究对1066名女性进行。在数据收集过程中使用了三份结构化问卷。描述性统计和多变量逻辑回归用于数据评估。
许多伊拉克女性没有定期进行BSE、CBE和乳房X光检查。最常见的原因是“没有乳房不适”。特定的阿拉伯文化障碍，如暴露[比值比（OR）=0.545；95%置信区间（CI）=0.440至0.674；<0.001]、环境（OR = 0.571；95% CI = 0.464至0.703；<0.001）和不安障碍（OR = 0.736；95% CI = 0.557至0.974；p = 0.032）是BSE的预测因素，而暴露（OR = 0.553；95% CI = 0.447至0.684；<0.001）和环境障碍（OR = 0.585；95% CI = 0.474至0.772；<0.001）是CBE的预测因素。此外，暴露（OR = 0.324；95% CI = 0.251至0.419；<0.001）、环境（OR = 0.636；95% CI = 0.500至0.809；<0.001）和不安障碍（OR = 0.644；95% CI = 0.464至0.893； = 0.008）是伊拉克女性乳房X光检查筛查的预测因素。
阿拉伯特定文化障碍可能是伊拉克采用BCS的关键障碍之一。包括文化教育在内的健康教育可能有潜力提高BCS意识并在疾病就诊时降低分期。
