Farzaneh Esmaeil, Heydari Heshmatolah, Shekarchi Ali Akbar, Kamran Aziz
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Department of Nursing, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
Onco Targets Ther. 2017 Feb 17;10:985-992. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S125344. eCollection 2017.
Breast and cervical cancers are the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer and cause of cancer-related deaths in Iranian females. In contrast to previous studies, this study was carried out with a large sample size for assessment of breast self-examination (BSE)-, clinical breast examination (CBE)-, mammography-, and Pap smear-uptake rates and determination of associations among these screening behaviors with sociodemographic and cognitive variables in Azeri females.
This was a cross-sectional, community-based study that was carried out among 1,134 females 20-60 years old during March-June 2016. Data-collection variables included sociodemographic questions, screening behaviors for breast and cervical cancer, self-efficacy, beliefs, and barriers to breast and cervical cancer screening. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 13 using , Mann-Whitney , and logistic regression tests.
Among the 1,134 participants, 53.9%, 9.8%, and 28.1% had done BSE, CBE, and Pap smear tests, respectively, and among the 625 females aged >40 years, 187 (29.9%) had done the mammography test. Moreover, 416 (36.7%), 103 (16.5%), and 64 (5.6%) females had done BSE, mammography, and CBE regularly, respectively. Beliefs, barriers, income, health insurance, number of children, and age were all important factors for BSE and regular BSE and mammography. Females who had high belief scores were more likely to undertake mammography (odds ratio [OR]: 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.5), regular mammography (OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.9-9.3), regular CBE (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.2-1.3), and Pap smears (OR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1-1.4). Also, females who had high self-efficacy scores were more likely to perform regular BSE (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.4-2.5) and mammography (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.4-4.6) than females with lower self-efficacy scores.
The frequency of breast and cervical cancer screening was low in our study. The findings of this study indicated that beliefs, self-efficacy, and barriers were important predictive factors of cancer-screening behavior among the females studied.
乳腺癌和宫颈癌是伊朗女性中最常被诊断出的癌症类型及癌症相关死亡原因。与以往研究不同，本研究以大样本量进行，旨在评估阿塞拜疆女性的乳房自我检查（BSE）、临床乳房检查（CBE）、乳腺X线摄影及巴氏涂片检查的接受率，并确定这些筛查行为与社会人口统计学和认知变量之间的关联。
这是一项基于社区的横断面研究，于2016年3月至6月期间对1134名20至60岁的女性进行。数据收集变量包括社会人口统计学问题、乳腺癌和宫颈癌的筛查行为、自我效能感、信念以及乳腺癌和宫颈癌筛查的障碍。使用SPSS 13版软件，通过Mann-Whitney检验和逻辑回归检验对收集到的数据进行分析。
在1134名参与者中，分别有53.9%、9.8%和28.1%的人进行了乳房自我检查、临床乳房检查和巴氏涂片检查，在625名年龄大于40岁的女性中，187人（29.9%）进行了乳腺X线摄影检查。此外，分别有416名（36.7%）、103名（16.5%）和64名（5.6%）女性定期进行乳房自我检查、乳腺X线摄影检查和临床乳房检查。信念、障碍、收入、健康保险、子女数量和年龄都是乳房自我检查、定期乳房自我检查和乳腺X线摄影检查的重要因素。信念得分高的女性更有可能进行乳腺X线摄影检查（优势比[OR]：1.2，95%置信区间[CI]：1.03至1.5）、定期乳腺X线摄影检查（OR：4.2，95% CI：1.9至9.
