Shahan Timothy A
Department of Psychology, Utah State University, 2810 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84321-2810 USA.
Perspect Behav Sci. 2022 Jun 8;45(3):495-519. doi: 10.1007/s40614-022-00340-3. eCollection 2022 Sep.
A preliminary theory of a temporary increase in the rate of an operant response with the transition to extinction (i.e., the extinction burst) is proposed. The theory assumes reinforcers are events permitting access to some valuable activity, and that such activity can compete for allocation with the target response under some conditions (e.g., very high reinforcement rates). With the transition to extinction, elimination of this competition for allocation can produce an increase in the the target response, but the increase is transient because the value of the target response decreases with exposure to extinction. The theory provides a way to understand why the extinction burst is not ubiquitous, seems more common following very small ratio schedules, occurs for a short period of time following the transition to extinction, and may be eliminated with the availability of alternative reinforcement. It appears to provide a reasonable starting point for a theory of the extinction burst that does not necessarily require inclusion of invigorating effects of frustration, and it is closely aligned with Resurgence as Choice theory. Additional research on factors modulating reinforcement-related activities and how they affect the extinction burst could help to further evaluate the theory.
提出了一种关于操作性反应速率在向消退过渡时暂时增加（即消退爆发）的初步理论。该理论假设强化物是允许进行某些有价值活动的事件，并且在某些条件下（例如，非常高的强化率），这种活动可以与目标反应竞争分配。随着向消退的过渡，消除这种分配竞争会导致目标反应增加，但这种增加是短暂的，因为目标反应的价值会随着暴露于消退而降低。该理论提供了一种方式来理解为什么消退爆发并非普遍存在，在非常小的比率强化程序之后似乎更常见，在向消退过渡后的短时间内出现，并且可能会随着替代强化物的出现而消除。它似乎为消退爆发理论提供了一个合理的起点，该理论不一定需要包含挫折的激励作用，并且它与作为选择理论的恢复密切相关。对调节与强化相关活动的因素以及它们如何影响消退爆发的进一步研究有助于进一步评估该理论。
