Rosen S, Mickler S E, Collins J E
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1987 Aug;53(2):288-97. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.53.2.288.
An experiment was conducted to test the proposition that rejection of help by a needy recipient constitutes a negative expectancy violation for the would-be helper. The helper will react to this self-threat by expressing negative affect, unfavorable evaluations of the recipient, low attraction to the recipient, and causal attributions for the rejection that cast the recipient in an unflattering light. To test these hypotheses, college freshmen were prompted to offer rules for word construction to a same-sex recipient (a confederate) who was described as needing remediation on vocabulary and who "failed" a practice task. After rejecting/accepting the help, the recipient failed or succeeded on a comparable task. The results were consistent with these predictions. Dispositionally high expectations of interpersonal success served to amplify helpers' reactions to rejection/acceptance.
进行了一项实验，以检验这样一个命题：有需要的接受者拒绝帮助，对潜在的帮助者来说构成了一种负面的预期违背。帮助者会通过表达负面情绪、对接受者的不利评价、对接受者的低吸引力，以及对拒绝的因果归因（这些归因会使接受者形象不佳）来应对这种自我威胁。为了检验这些假设，研究人员促使大学新生向一名同性接受者（一名同谋）提供构词规则，该接受者被描述为需要词汇补习，并且在一项练习任务中“失败”了。在拒绝/接受帮助后，接受者在一项类似任务中失败或成功。结果与这些预测一致。在人际关系成功方面，性格上的高期望会放大帮助者对拒绝/接受的反应。
