Williamson G M, Clark M S
Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-3890.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1989 May;56(5):722-34. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.56.5.722.
Observed in 2 initial studies was converging evidence that helping improves the helpers' moods and self-evaluations. In these studies Ss induced to help showed improved moods and self-evaluations relative to Ss not given an opportunity to help. A 3rd study examined the moderating effects of desired relationship type on reactions to having helped. In this study Ss were led to desire either a communal or an exchange relationship with another. They then helped the other or were not allowed to help. Among Ss led to desire a communal relationship, but not among those led to desire an exchange relationship, helping was associated with greater improvements in moods than not helping. Helping tended to improve self-evaluations regardless of desired relationship type. However, this effect reached statistical significance only among subjects led to desire a communal relationship.
在最初的两项研究中观察到了越来越多的证据，即帮助他人能改善帮助者的情绪和自我评价。在这些研究中，被诱导去帮助他人的受试者与没有机会帮助他人的受试者相比，情绪和自我评价得到了改善。第三项研究考察了期望的关系类型对帮助行为反应的调节作用。在这项研究中，受试者被引导去期望与他人建立一种共同关系或交换关系。然后他们帮助了他人或不被允许帮助他人。在那些被引导期望建立共同关系的受试者中，而不是在那些被引导期望建立交换关系的受试者中，帮助他人比不帮助他人能带来更大的情绪改善。无论期望的关系类型如何，帮助他人往往会改善自我评价。然而，这种效果仅在那些被引导期望建立共同关系的受试者中达到统计学显著水平。
