Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, 31527, Egypt.
Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.
Pathog Dis. 2022 Nov 12;80(1). doi: 10.1093/femspd/ftac040.
Human trichinellosis is a serious disease with no effective treatment till now. Recently, the protective immunity induced by parasite-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are studied for some parasites such as Echinostoma caproni. The current study aimed to investigate the novel Trichinella spiralis-derived EVs as a potential vaccine candidate for the first time in a mouse model. Trichinella spiralis EVs were isolated and identified using transmission electron microscopy, gel electrophoresis, protein content measurements, and beads-based flow cytometry. Vaccination was done by subcutaneous injection of two doses of 3.5 μg T. spiralis-derived EVs. We observed a significant reduction in T. spiralis adult worm and muscle larval counts in mice immunized with T. spiralis-derived EVs (EVs-Ts group) and controlled inflammatory changes in the intestine and muscles. The EVs-Ts group showed a higher level of IFN- γ, whereas the IL-4 secretion was elevated more in the EVs group (EVs group) and showed a lower level after challenge with T. spiralis infection (EVs-Ts group). This implies a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response with obvious Th1 polarization. Moreover, elevation of serum T. spiralis-specific IgG was reported. In conclusion, this preliminary study provides T. spiralis EVs as a promising candidate for future development of anti-Trichinella vaccine.
人旋毛虫病是一种严重的疾病，目前尚无有效的治疗方法。最近，寄生虫来源的细胞外囊泡（EVs）诱导的保护性免疫已被研究用于一些寄生虫，如 Echinostoma caproni。本研究旨在首次在小鼠模型中研究新型旋毛虫来源的 EVs 作为潜在的疫苗候选物。使用透射电子显微镜、凝胶电泳、蛋白质含量测量和基于珠子的流式细胞术分离和鉴定旋毛虫 EVs。通过皮下注射两剂 3.5 μg 的旋毛虫衍生 EVs 进行疫苗接种。我们观察到，用旋毛虫衍生 EVs（EVs-Ts 组）免疫的小鼠中旋毛虫成虫和肌肉幼虫的数量显著减少，并控制了肠道和肌肉中的炎症变化。EVs-Ts 组显示出更高水平的 IFN-γ，而 EVs 组（EVs 组）中 IL-4 的分泌升高更多，并且在感染旋毛虫后水平降低（EVs-Ts 组）。这意味着存在混合的 Th1/Th2 免疫反应，具有明显的 Th1 极化。此外，还报道了血清旋毛虫特异性 IgG 的升高。总之，这项初步研究提供了旋毛虫 EVs 作为未来抗旋毛虫疫苗开发的有前途的候选物。
