Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2023 Mar;64(2):211-223. doi: 10.1111/vru.13166. Epub 2022 Oct 20.
The structure of paranasal sinuses in cattle is difficult to understand due to its complexity, age-related changes, and insufficient published data. In this prospective, anatomic study, we described the anatomy of the paranasal sinuses in the Holstein cow using computed tomography (CT) and cross-sectional anatomic slices. Twelve healthy adult Holstein cow heads were used for this study. The heads were scanned using CT, and frozen anatomical sections were taken. The locations, borders, and relationships of the paranasal sinuses were defined on the anatomical sections and CT images. The paranasal sinuses on each side of the head consisted of conchal (dorsal, middle, and ventral), maxillary, lacrimal, palatine, frontal, sphenoid sinuses, and ethmoidal cells. The frontal sinus pneumatized all bones surrounding the cranial cavity, except for the ethmoidal and body of basisphenoid bones. The sphenoid and ventral conchal sinuses were the most asymmetrical, and the middle conchal sinus was the simplest. The ventral conchal sinus was detected in eleven animals, one of which was unilateral. This sinus communicated with the middle nasal meatus (13/21) and ventral nasal meatus (8/21). Findings can be used as background for interpreting CT studies of cattle with clinical signs of sinonasal region diseases. Future cross-sectional radiological and reconstructive anatomical studies and investigation of the postnatal development of related structures in cattle are needed.
由于结构复杂、与年龄相关的变化以及发表的数据不足，牛的副鼻窦结构难以理解。在这项前瞻性解剖研究中，我们使用计算机断层扫描（CT）和横截面解剖切片描述了荷斯坦奶牛副鼻窦的解剖结构。本研究使用了 12 个健康成年荷斯坦奶牛的头部。对头进行 CT 扫描，并进行冷冻解剖切片。在解剖切片和 CT 图像上定义了副鼻窦的位置、边界和关系。头部每侧的副鼻窦包括鼻甲（背侧、中间和腹侧）、上颌窦、泪囊、腭窦、额窦和筛窦细胞。额窦向颅腔周围的所有骨骼充气，除了筛骨和基蝶骨体。蝶窦和腹侧鼻甲窦最不对称，中间鼻甲窦最简单。在 11 只动物中检测到腹侧鼻甲窦，其中 1 只为单侧。该窦与中鼻道（13/21）和腹侧鼻道（8/21）相通。这些发现可作为解释具有鼻旁窦区域疾病临床症状的牛 CT 研究的背景。未来需要进行横截面放射学和相关结构的重建解剖研究，并研究牛的产后发育。
