Tohidifar Mohsen, Goodarzi Nader, Masoudifard Majid
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Department of Basic Sciences and Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Anat Sci Int. 2020 Jun;95(3):408-419. doi: 10.1007/s12565-020-00536-0. Epub 2020 Mar 11.
The present work aimed to investigate the anatomical structures of the Saanen goat head and its volumetric properties using computed tomography (CT) and stereological methods. Eight adult Saanen goat heads were included in this study. The different cavities and structures of the head, including nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, orbital cavity, and cranial cavity were evaluated using CT scans, cross, sagittal, and coronal sections. The volume of head cavities and structures were estimated using the Cavalieri method. The results showed that the dorsal, middle and nasal ventral concha contained the dorsal, middle and ventral conchal sinuses, respectively. The paranasal sinuses constituted maxillary, frontal, lacrimal, and ethmoidal that were recognized and named in the CT scan images and their corresponding anatomical cross sections. The palatine and sphenoidal sinuses were not seen in the Saanen goat. Total volume of the head, nasal cavity and cranial cavity was estimated to be 1958 ± 205, 825.4 ± 62.6 and 423.6 ± 48.2 cm, respectively. The frontal sinus was the largest paranasal sinus with a volume of 281.8 ± 16.9 cm and the lacrimal sinus with a volume 50.2 ± 6 cm was the smallest one. The ventral conchal sinus with a volume of 26.6 ± 4.5 cm and middle conchal sinus with a volume of 13.4 ± 2.6 cm were largest and smallest nasal sinuses, respectively. These results may be used as a basic data to provide a reference set for volume of the examined head structures resulting in better and more precise diagnosis of any pathological volume alteration.
本研究旨在利用计算机断层扫描（CT）和体视学方法研究萨能山羊头部的解剖结构及其容积特性。本研究纳入了8个成年萨能山羊头部。使用CT扫描、横断面、矢状面和冠状面切片对头部的不同腔隙和结构进行评估，包括鼻腔、鼻窦、口腔、眶腔和颅腔。采用卡瓦列里方法估计头部腔隙和结构的容积。结果显示，背侧、中间和鼻腹侧鼻甲分别包含背侧、中间和腹侧鼻甲窦。鼻窦由上颌窦、额窦、泪窦和筛窦组成，在CT扫描图像及其相应的解剖横断面中得以识别和命名。在萨能山羊中未观察到腭窦和蝶窦。估计头部、鼻腔和颅腔的总体积分别为1958±205、825.4±62.6和423.6±48.2cm。额窦是最大的鼻窦，容积为281.8±16.9cm，泪窦容积最小，为50.2±6cm。腹侧鼻甲窦容积为26.6±4.5cm，是最大的鼻旁窦，中间鼻甲窦容积为13.4±2.6cm，是最小的鼻旁窦。这些结果可作为基础数据，为所检查头部结构的容积提供参考集，从而更好、更精确地诊断任何病理性容积改变。
