Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Mol Cell. 2022 Nov 3;82(21):3970-3984. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.09.021. Epub 2022 Oct 19.
Many principles of bacterial gene regulation have been foundational to understanding mechanisms of eukaryotic transcription. However, stark structural and functional differences exist between eukaryotic and bacterial transcription factors that complicate inferring properties of the eukaryotic system from that of bacteria. Here, we review those differences, focusing on the impact of intrinsically disordered regions on the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters governing eukaryotic transcription factor interactions-both with other proteins and with chromatin. The prevalence of unstructured domains in eukaryotic transcription factors as well as their known impact on function call for more sophisticated knowledge of what mechanisms they support. Using the evidence available to date, we posit that intrinsically disordered regions are necessary for the complex and integrative functions of eukaryotic transcription factors and that only by understanding their rich biochemistry can we develop a deep molecular understanding of their regulatory mechanisms.
许多细菌基因调控的原则对于理解真核转录的机制具有基础性作用。然而，真核转录因子与细菌转录因子在结构和功能上存在明显差异，这使得我们难以从细菌系统推断出真核系统的性质。在这里，我们回顾了这些差异，重点讨论了无序区域对真核转录因子相互作用（与其他蛋白质以及与染色质）的热力学和动力学参数的影响。真核转录因子中无规卷曲区域的普遍性及其对功能的已知影响要求我们更深入地了解它们支持的机制。利用迄今为止的证据，我们假设无规卷曲区域是真核转录因子复杂和综合功能所必需的，只有了解它们丰富的生物化学特性，我们才能深入了解它们的调控机制。
